中信證券:供應擾動疊加低庫存支撐,關注銅鋁反彈
本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:敖翀 拜俊飛 商力
鋁價創出2008年以來新高,供應端擾動短期無法消除,鋁價漲勢有望持續。低庫存效應和需求回暖預期下,銅價有望隨着階段性貨幣政策預期落地重拾漲勢。推薦電解鋁漲價的彈性標的和具備成長性的銅礦標的。推薦雲鋁股份、神火股份、紫金礦業和洛陽鉬業,建議關注中國鋁業和中國有色礦業。
▍電解鋁供應擾動加劇,國內鋁企面臨原料短缺風險。
當前電解鋁供應同時受到歐洲電解鋁減產、廣西疫情和中國北方氧化鋁減產三重因素的影響。歐洲電解鋁減產對2022年供應端影響超過80萬噸,佔全球電解鋁運行產能比例為1.2%,且仍有擴大跡象。根據上海有色網數據,百色疫情或將造成當地氧化鋁運行產能減少220萬噸,而中國北方山西、山東、河南等省份受環保等因素影響,氧化鋁減產產能超過1500萬噸,國內電解鋁企業面臨原料短缺和成本上升的挑戰。
▍電解鋁庫存累積不及預期,鋁價創出新高。
截至2022年2月9日,LME鋁庫存降至76.2萬噸,繼續創下十年以來新低。LME鋁價在2月8日盤中創出3236美元/噸高位,超過2021年10月高點,創下2008年以來新高。2022年1月以來,上期所鋁庫存持續下降,未出現往年的累庫現象。鋁錠社會庫存春節期間增加14萬噸,規模弱於往年。低庫存效應下,國內鋁價年初以來上漲超過12%。
▍國內需求轉暖接棒,鋁價漲勢料將持續。
2021年,中國鋁及其製品出口增至946萬噸,同比增長16%,創出歷史高位。在海外需求復甦、鋁企減產和海外鋁溢價的共同作用下,2022年國內鋁出口高增長趨勢預計延續。同時在政策穩增長的預期下,鋁的傳統消費領域如建築、汽車等領域均有望回暖。新能源汽車、光伏等新興領域對鋁消費有望保持15%-20%的高增速。在需求回暖預期下,供應端擾動擴大和低庫存效應均對鋁價形成有效支撐,鋁價漲勢有望持續。
▍銅價延續高位震盪,需求改善前景下銅價仍有衝高潛力。
銅價當前受流動性收緊,高通脹,美元指數波動,低庫存多重因素作用,年初以來呈現震盪走勢。從歷史上每一輪美聯儲加息週期看,銅價均表現為上漲,我們判斷隨着階段性貨幣政策預期落地,對銅價擾動因素有望減弱。2022年2月9日,LME銅庫存降至7.73萬噸,延續去庫態勢。隨着春節後消費走強,低庫存效應有望催化銅價向上。考慮到銅板塊相關企業在2022年的增產預期,利潤增長可期。
▍風險因素:
下游需求走弱壓制金屬價格,新增產能投放超預期增長,美聯儲利率政策變動風險。
▍投資策略:
受供應擾動和低庫存效應影響,國際鋁價創出2008年以來新高,推動鋁板塊強勁反彈。我們判斷鋁的供應端擾動短期內無法緩解,需求端在出口向好和穩增長背景下預計回暖,鋁價漲勢有望持續。低庫存效應下,銅價則有望隨着階段性貨幣政策預期落地重拾漲勢,價格向上突破有望帶動板塊反彈。推薦電解鋁漲價的彈性標的和具備成長性的銅礦標的。推薦雲鋁股份、神火股份、紫金礦業和洛陽鉬業,建議關注中國鋁業和中國有色礦業。
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