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一紙行政令草案震動醫藥圈!港、A醫藥股齊挫

一份尚未簽署的行政令草案,正讓生物醫藥市場劇烈顫抖。

A股市場,諾思格、匯宇製藥、泰格醫藥跌超5%,藥石科技、陽光諾和、藥明康德、九洲製藥等跟跌。

港股市場,創新藥概念指數早盤一度下挫逾7%,截止午間收盤跌幅收窄至4.39%。

個股上,歌禮制藥跌近13%,翰森製藥跌超9%,石藥集團跌超7%,百濟神州、康方生物等跟跌。

《紐約時報》週三援引一份行政令草案稱,特朗普政府正在考慮對來自中國的藥品實施嚴格限制。報道稱,一旦實施,這些限制措施可能會顛覆美國製藥業,以及從仿製藥到尖端療法等所有藥物的供應。

《紐約時報》的報道還提及另一項擬議政策:美國FDA需對中國的臨牀試驗數據進行更嚴格的審查,同時,提交中國臨牀試驗數據的公司需繳納更高的監管費用。

不過,值得注意的是,美國白宮方面在消息傳出後迅速做出迴應,稱沒有“積極考慮”該草案。

資本市場爲何恐慌?

資料顯示,美國生物醫藥高度依賴中國:

原料藥:根據《Globalization and Health》期刊的研究,中國抗生素成分出口佔比從2002年的9.0%增長至2021年的44.5%。也就是說,中國在抗生素原料藥這個細分領域佔有接近一半的出口市場份額。另有分析提到,美國在某些維生素類原料或維生素原料(如維生素B6、B12、維生素E等)從中國的進口份額達70%或更高。臨牀試驗外包中國龐大的患者基數和成本優勢,使得大量國際藥企選擇在中國進行臨牀試驗。CRO/CDMO 出口依存度:如某頭部醫藥公司,超過一半的收入來自海外客戶,其中美國是最大市場。

一旦特朗普政策落地,美國短期內難以找到完全替代方案,可能導致藥品成本上升,供應短缺。而對中國企業而言,雖有轉單至歐洲、東南亞的可能,但失去美國市場無疑將造成沉重打擊。

多名分析師指出,這一“黑天鵝”事件類似於特朗普第一任期內的貿易戰升級,可能引發全球供應鏈重組。

X平臺一條熱門帖子警告:“特朗普的限制將導致美國仿製藥短缺,價格飆升,最終傷害消費者。

此外,估值層面,在經歷2023-2024年的估值修復後,CRO、創新藥龍頭普遍交易在較高估值區間,市場情緒脆弱。一旦有外部風險事件,便容易引發踩踏式下跌。

恐慌後或是佈局良機?

投資圈討論顯示,投資者情緒分化。

部分觀點視之爲“短期情緒衝擊”,如“政策空難落地,產業大趨勢不變——買全球最好的中國創新藥”。 另有擔憂“中國創新藥牛市可能終結,無美國市場難活”。

注意到,截止午間發稿(9月11日,醫藥板塊出現資金迴流跡象。歷史數據顯示,類似事件後,醫藥板塊平均反彈週期爲2-4周,漲幅可達15%-20%(如2021年“實體清單”事件後)。

總體上,當前是“恐慌性踩踏”,但非基本面崩壞。有投資者指出:“特朗普政策執行能力存疑,尤其藥品領域,年初8月關稅表述至今未落地。”

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