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《大行》瑞銀降美團(03690.HK)目標價至148元 季績未達預期競爭將持續壓制利潤率
瑞銀發表報告指出,美團(03690.HK)2025年第二季收入按年增長12%,略低於預期。調整後營運利潤為18億元人民幣,未達市場共識預期的86億元人民幣,因即時配送業務輕微虧損,且到店業務利潤率按季下降。 即時配送第二季訂單量按年增長14%,略有加速,但收入按年增長放緩至5%,受較高補貼(抵銷收入)及平均訂單價值(AOV)下降拖累。美團自5月起積極應對競爭,第二季營運利潤料已略微虧損。進入第三季,隨著競爭進一步加劇,該行預計訂單量增長將加速至18%,但收入可能下降4%,營運虧損將進一步擴大,瑞銀預估為180億元人民幣。美團的策略是搶佔行業高質量增長細分市場,維持相較同業更優的用戶體驗(UE)效率。閃購業務保持強勁,訂單量增長30%,交易總額(GTV)增長更快,因滲透至更高價值的電商品類(包括3C電子產品及白酒)。長期來看,截至6月底閃購超市(InstaMarts)快速擴張至超過5萬家,亦將支撐增長。 到店業務第二季交易總額(GTV)按年增長高達20%,但收入按年增長放緩至15%,營運利潤率按季下降至預估29%。這是由於訂單結構轉向低平均售價訂單及低線城市,以及外賣補貼部分取代到店商戶廣告預算所致。第三季全面影響下,該行預計收入增長放緩及營運利潤率下降趨勢將持續。積極的一面是,管理層表示與抖音的競爭保持穩定。 對於短期財務影響,瑞銀指由於競爭激烈,美團2025年盈利預測可能大幅下調至虧損。儘管美團擁有更優的配送基礎設施,平均每單虧損較少,但該行預計第三季外賣業務每單虧損約2至3元人民幣。儘管監管機構提出新法規規範平台定價,競爭依然激烈。好消息是,管理層認為隨著夏季結束,8月競爭略有緩解。美團外賣業務的利潤池約為300億元人民幣,相比之下,阿里巴巴(09988.HK)年利潤約為1,700億元人民幣。根據該行對電商商戶的調查,快速電商獲客的用戶價值偏低。因此,若交叉銷售效益有限,該行不排除電商運營商在第四季轉向更注重投資回報率。然而,隨著「雙11」購物節臨近,整體局勢仍非常動態。 對於長期結構性影響,該行對美團的執行能力和基礎設施保持信心,但與此前相比,存在若干結構性變化,包括:i)競爭環境更激烈,餓了麼及京東(09618.HK)均加大投資,特別是兩者將外賣視為流量入口(不介意虧損)並對其核心電商業務具戰略重要性;ii)用戶體驗結構性下降,管理層提到長期為1元人民幣(相較買方目標1.5至2元人民幣),因競爭加劇;iii)多輪高額補貼後,客戶形成的低價心態難以扭轉;iv)對美團到店業務的內部競爭侵蝕。 鑑於競爭影響超出預期,假設2025年調整後淨利潤將轉為虧損,並將2026至2027年每股盈利預測下調27%至31%。該行將基於總和估值法的估值基準更新至2026年(正常化盈利),並將美團目標價由172港元下調14%至148港元;維持「買入」評級。
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