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蒙牛再陷裁員風波,半年走了3000人,乳業“寒冬”何時休?
格隆匯 12-24 12:10

乳企的日子不太好過了。

近日,“蒙牛為實現對中糧承諾的優化,或裁員超過6000人”的傳言在網上廣泛傳播,引發關注。

一位接近蒙牛的人士像向記者證實近期確有裁員,但人數較傳言有比較大出入,也沒聽説蒙牛對中糧有裁員承諾,這兩年都在調整人員,有出也有進。

事實上,從去年開始,蒙牛乳業員工數量已經出現下降的跡象。

根據財報數據,截至2024年上半年,蒙牛乳業員工數量為約43000名,較2023年末減少超3000人,較2022年末減少超4000人。

今日早間,蒙牛乳業港股開盤走低一度下跌逾1%,隨後出現反彈,截止發稿小幅上升0.45%。

上半年營收利潤雙雙下滑

營收和淨利潤的雙降是裁員的主要導火索”。

2024上半年,蒙牛乳業營收和淨利潤都跌至了四年來的新低。財報顯示,上半年,蒙牛營收446.71億元,同比下滑12.6%;歸母淨利潤24.46 億元,同比下滑19.03%。

由於消費需求不及預期,蒙牛業務“全線下滑”。其中,在上半年,蒙牛液態奶、奶粉、冰淇淋、奶酪營業收入 362.26億元、16.35億元、33.71億元、22.11億元,分別同比下滑12.9%、下滑13.7%、下滑21.8、下滑6.3%。

為了應對困難局面,蒙牛乳業一邊裁員、一邊增加借款,同時削減銷售費用尤其是廣吿費用。

2024年上半年末,蒙牛乳業的員工人數為4.3萬名,2023年末,公司僱傭員工總數約為46064名。半年時間,蒙牛乳業裁員了約3000餘人。

降本非常明顯,2024年上半年,公司薪酬支出約為42億元,下降了約5%。

今年上半年,蒙牛乳業的銷售及經銷費用為126.8億元,較去年同期的139.06億元減少8.8%。其中,產品和品牌宣傳及行銷費用從去年同期的51.2億元降至44.99億元,同比減少12.1%。

值得注意的是,“老對手”伊利也在營收增長上遭遇困難。

財報顯示,2024年前三季度,伊利營收890.39億元, 同比下滑8.59%;歸母淨利潤108.69 億元,同比增長15.87%。

其中,在三季度,伊利液體乳、奶粉及奶製品、冷飲產品系列分別錄得收入206.37億元、68.21億元和10.22億元,同比下滑10.31%、增長6.56%和下滑16.61%。

行業供需矛盾凸顯

乳製品行業供需矛盾凸顯,消費需求不及預期,導致乳企業績承壓。

2020年以來,受奶源供應短缺影響,奶牛養殖行業進入到投資快速增長期,大型牧場項目紛紛開工建設。隨着新建牧場陸續進入投產期,原奶產量持續增長。進入2023年後,逐漸增長的供給和趨於平緩的需求之間難以平衡。

國家統計局數據顯示,2024年1月至6月,國內牛奶產量1856萬噸,同比增長3.4%;規模乳企乳製品產量1433萬噸,同比減少3%。

奶產量增速高於消費量增速,這給了部分小企業獲得低價奶源和低價銷售產品的機會,對終端牛奶價盤產生一定影響。

蒙牛表示,常温液態奶受到原奶價格的下行和需求不及預期的挑戰是最為突出的。雖然公司已經預見到了行業寒冬的到來,但寒冬的凜冽,讓公司能做的,只剩下整體庫存和壓縮費用。

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