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城中村改造對信貸的拉動效果如何?

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:明明 章立聰 餘經緯

城中村改造不僅可以改善居民居住環境、提升城市面貌,同時有望促進固定資產投資、推動經濟修復進程。相較於棚改,其資金來源、項目體量以及對居民的補償方式均有不同。經我們測算,城中村改造需要的建安投資費用可能達到萬億級規模,考慮房屋銷售等因素,預計每年對於信貸拉動的規模在1500億元-5000億元區間內。總體來看,城中村改造的短期影響主要表現為提振市場預期,政策效果需要更長的時間逐步顯現。

城中村改造政策再出細則。

城中村改造不僅可以改善居民居住環境、提升城市面貌,同時有望促進固定資產投資、推動經濟修復進程。7月21日國常會審議通過《關於在超大特大城市積極穩步推進城中村改造的指導意見》。十四五規劃開啟以來,城中村改造便成為新的政策重點之一,今年4月中央政治局會議召開後,相關政策態度更加積極、方向指導更加明確。

對比棚改看城中村改造的特點。

①資金來源更加多元:“棚改”時期主要通過地方政府購買服務來融資,而本輪城中村改造強調多元投融資機制,鼓勵和支持民間資本參與。

②項目體量預計不及棚改:城中村改造與棚户區改造所針對的城市、修繕的力度均有不同,預計整體投資體量不及棚户區改造。

③對城中村居民的補償方式不同:“棚改”時期主要採取貨幣化安置,但考慮到目前地方財政壓力較大,部分可能通過“房票”或者房屋產權置換實現實物補償。

城中村改造對信貸的拉動效果測算。

步驟一:改造總面積測算。超大特大城市的名單在不同統計口徑下存在細微差別,以住建部口徑為準,目前超大特大城市中自建住房面積可能超過3.5萬億平方米,武漢、杭州、深圳、廣州的城中村規模較高。

步驟二:建安費用與銷售收入測算。城中村改造需要的建安投資費用可能達到萬億級規模,改造完成後,如果容積率不變,對應的商品房價值可能超過10萬億元。

步驟三:調整後每年對信貸的拉動規模測算。考慮到城中村改造的方式不同,預計整個開發過程對於信貸資金的需求可能在3000-8000億元區間內;商品房銷售帶動按揭貸款1萬-5萬億元。總體預計每年城中村改造對於信貸拉動的規模在1500億元-5000億元左右。

總結與展望:

城中村改造的短期影響主要表現為提振市場預期,政策效果需要更長的時間逐步顯現。從對城中村改造的特點以及測算來看,規劃聚焦超大特大城市,改造修繕方式多元,節奏穩健週期偏長,因此其年化項目體量和投資規模可能偏小,短期以預期提振為主,難以直接改變地產行業和宏觀經濟的情況。但我們認為城中村投資的有效性和可持續性更強,將對於超大特大城市發展帶來深遠影響。

本文來自中信證券2023年8月3日發佈的《晨報》,作者:明明 S1010517100001 章立聰 S1010514110002餘經緯 S1010517070005

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