《回顧》恆指上半年累跌4.4% 科指累挫逾5%
恆指於2022年累跌3,616點或15%後,於2023年上半年呈先升後回。今年初憧憬中國重啟經濟及復常、本港及內地恢復免檢疫通關下,恆指至今年1月27日曾創上半年高位22,700點,較去年底收市位計一度累積升幅逾2,900點或14%。不過,美國通脹持續高企,聯儲局相繼於今年2月、3月及5月各加息25個基點,將目標利率提高至5%至5.25%;但歐美接連有銀行陷入危機,美國矽谷銀行倒閉,瑞信3月下旬最終由老對手瑞銀以30億美元收購,金融危機及美國債務上限談判風險憂慮揮之不去,令外部需求受壓。
中國4月初公布首季GDP增長4.5%,好過市場預期的4%,但其後內地樓市銷售及消費轉弱,投資者關注歐美地區外部需求承壓,中美關係緊張等因素。隨著內地4月信貸數據回落,投資者擔心經濟復甦步伐,而內地5月初公布4月「三頭馬車」(工業、消費及固投)經濟數據遜市場預期,人民幣兌美元匯價轉弱,恆指反覆回落。
總結今年上半年,恆指累跌864點或4.4%,收18,916;國指累跌280點或4.2%,收6,424;恆生科指累挫217點或5.3%,收3,911。
【首月已見高位 次月蒸發升幅】
踏入2023年,港股首月延續2022年第四季升勢,恆指月初一度升上22,700點,主要由於市場憧憬美國通脹逐步回落。在經歷三年疫情困擾後,國務院聯防聯控機制綜合組發布《關於優化內地與港澳人員往來措施的通知》,自1月8日起,香港與內地恢復有序通關。受通關復常利好消息推動,在「1月效應」下,首月恆指累升2,061點或10.4%;恆生科指1月累升414點或10%。
然而,在環球市場面對美國通脹再度升溫,美國1月、2月個人消費開支(PCE)物價指數按年各增5.4%及5%,美聯儲局繼續加息壓抑通脹,加上市場擔憂地緣政治局勢趨緊張,令港股受壓,總結2月份,恆指累跌2,057點或9.4%,恆生科技指數2月更累挫617點或13.5%,報3,925點,蒸發首月升幅。
【歐美銀行危機 受不明朗籠罩】
3月各地股市震盪。美矽谷銀行突月初關閉掀金融恐慌,瑞銀本月中以30億瑞郎收購瑞信,瑞士金融機構同時將瑞信的160億瑞郎額外一級資本(AT1)債券面值撇賬至零,一度引起市場憂慮,其後歐央行總裁拉加德指瑞士對AT1債的相關做法並無為歐洲設定標準,而市場憧憬美加息周期或有機會提早見頂。3月全月計,恆指累升614點或3.1%;恆生科指3月累升378點或9.6%。而恆指今年首季累跌618點或3.1%,國指首季累跌263點或3.9%;科指首季累跌174點或4.2%。
除了中美關係轉趨緊張外,市場亦憂慮美國銀行業情況及經濟前景,港股成交轉弱,大市4月日均成交額回落至1,088.6億元(按月跌近14%),5月日均成交額進一步降至1,010.4億元(按月跌7.2%)。至5月下旬,以中資金融、電訊、基建、能源國企作為代表的「中國特色估值」概念股份受到市場較高關注,相關股份股價亦曾錄明顯的升幅。然而,題材炒作概念短暫,由於內地月度的經濟數據欠佳,投資者擔心內地經濟在疫後復甦失去動力。港股於「五窮月」累跌1,660點或8.4%,恆生科指5月累跌274點或7.6%。
至6月份,內地經濟及內房銷售數據續弱,人民幣匯價屢創七個月低,人行「對稱」將一年及五年期貸款市場報價利率(LPR)均降息0.1厘,減息幅度少於預期。雖然美聯儲局6月暫停加息一次,但主席鮑威爾強調今年內進行減息並不合適,市場料當局下半年需再度加息。總結6月份,恆指累升682點3.7%,恆生科技指數6月累升284點或7.8%。而恆指今年第二季累跌1,483點或7.3%,國指首季累跌543點或7.8%;科指首季累跌392點或9.1%。(ta/w/t)~
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