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6月美聯儲利率決議前的最大風險:債務上限和通脹數據

美國股市週二收盤走低,投資者關注美國債務上限問題進展,並等待關鍵的通脹數據。瑞銀預計,通脹數據將持續高於美聯儲目標,增加了政策制定者比市場預期更鷹派的風險。

具體來看,標準普爾500指數下跌0.46%,道瓊斯工業指數下跌0.17%,跌幅超過50點,以科技股爲主的納斯達克指數下跌0.63%。

目前美國聯邦政府債務上限超過31萬億美元,但最快在6月1日就有耗盡資金的風險。隨着美國越來越接近違約的邊緣,近一半的美國銀行正在收緊貸款標準。如果企業難以獲得貸款,它們可能會削減投資,從而減緩經濟增長。摩根大通分析師週二寫道,信貸緊縮可能“實際上相當於美聯儲加息”。

華爾街也在關注週三公佈的4月通脹報告,以尋找美聯儲是否會在6月會議上繼續加息的線索。經濟學家預計,4月總體CPI同比上升5%,剔除波動較大的食品和天然氣成本的4月“核心CPI”預計同比將上漲5.5%,環比上漲0.4%。

紐約聯邦儲備銀行總裁威廉姆斯週二警告稱,由於就業市場強勁,通脹“仍然過高”。而4月的通脹增幅仍將大大高於美聯儲2%的目標。美聯儲一直在提高利率,試圖降低通貨膨脹,但美聯儲加息過高過快,可能會使經濟陷入衰退。上週,美聯儲暗示可能暫停加息,稱將在6月下次會議前評估即將公佈的數據。

Yardeni Research總裁愛德華•亞德尼(Edward Yardeni) 表示:“鮑威爾盡了最大努力讓市場參與者相信,美聯儲不會降低利率,但可能會在一段時間內保持利率不變。市場預計美國經濟將硬着陸。但我預計經濟將出現軟着陸,這將使美聯儲得以維持聯邦基金利率在當前水平,可能會持續到年底。”

富國銀行在週五的一份報告中寫道:“正如我們已經說了一段時間的那樣,我們預計經濟活動放緩將引發通貨膨脹的實質性減速,但回到2%的道路將是漫長而坎坷的。”他補充說,汽油價格上漲可能會推高整體通貨膨脹率。

瑞銀還預計,CPI數據將保持“穩健”,再加上平均時薪強勁,增加了美聯儲6月再次加息的風險。儘管如此,瑞銀仍堅持認爲,5月會議的加息是加息週期的最後一次加息。

瑞銀在上週五在一份報告中稱:“聯邦公開市場委員會參與者如何溝通仍有待觀察,特別是在委員會內部可能出現意見分歧的情況下。事情可能會變得嘈雜,嘈雜可能意味着不穩定。”

芝加哥商品交易所集團(CME Group)的數據顯示,在週三通脹數據公佈之前,市場預計美聯儲(Federal Reserve) 6月份維持利率不變的可能性爲83%。

4月份CPI數據是在上週五強勁的就業報告之後發佈的。不過,該報告修正了3月和2月的就業數據,顯示就業市場雖有彈性,但正在降溫,令投資者希望美聯儲將暫停升息。

SEI首席投資官Jim Smigiel表示:“投資者本週對CPI和PPI持觀望態度。如果CPI高於預期或低於預期,你可以看到市場會出現比平時更大的反應。”

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