黃金價格計入了多少降息預期?
本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:崔嶸 李翀
5月美聯儲加息結束後,當前黃金價格計入了未來一年約4次的降息預期,該預期計入較多,我們認為修正幅度或在1-2次。覆盤風險&情緒衝擊、實際利率以及美元指數的走勢,我們認為黃金在經歷短時震盪偏多的行情後,下半年至明年初實際利率的下行疊加避險情緒影響或將助力黃金價格進一步趨勢性上行,維持超配建議。應關注衰退交易的主線輪動和開啟時點。
▍計入降息預期的測算:當前黃金價格計入了未來一年約4次的降息預期,我們認為該預期仍有待調整。
通過黃金價格與10年美債實際利率的測算黃金價格計入的升降息預期,5月美聯儲加息後,黃金價格計入了未來一年約4次的降息預期。基於我們對美聯儲在今年底或明年初才會降息的判斷,當前市場對美聯儲降息的預期仍有待調整,幅度或在1-2次左右。
▍歷史走勢覆盤:美元指數和避險情緒是去年底至今影響金價走勢的核心原因。
自去年底美聯儲放緩加息進程後,美元指數趨勢性下行是金價上升的核心原因,這一時期實際利率對黃金價格的影響並不顯著。而3月以來,在風險事件的影響下,黃金價格再度跳升,多次風險事件帶來的避險情緒疊加且較難消散。
▍未來走勢研判:短時金價或仍以震盪偏多行情為主,下半年實際利率下行+避險或將助力金價趨勢性上行,維持超配建議。關注美國經濟衰退交易時點的到來。
實際利率:趨勢性下行或將是未來一年驅動黃金行情的核心因素。我們預計三季度末美國經濟或將陷入衰退,受經濟增長動能下降,美聯儲降息預期升温影響,實際利率下行趨勢或將持續到2024年年中,成為驅動金價上行的核心因素。
風險&情緒衝擊:階段性主導當前行情,影響或將持續至1Q24。未來風險&情緒衝擊或將來自於金融脆弱性事件、地緣政治擾動等帶來的的脈衝式影響和海外經濟逐漸陷入衰退引發的避險情緒累積。短時風險事件的影響或能對沖金價計入降息預期的調整,走出震盪偏多的行情,下半年或助力金價趨勢性拉昇。
美元指數:預計趨勢性下行仍將驅動黃金價格,關注美國與非美經濟基本面差異帶來的美元階段性波動。受美國經濟下行壓力逐漸增大影響,美元指數趨勢性下行或仍將驅動金價。不過,仍需關注美國與非美經濟基本面差異帶來的美元階段性小幅波動對金價的擾動。全年來看美元指數中樞或維持在100左右,成為主導黃金行情因素的可能性或較低。
▍風險因素:
美聯儲緊縮節奏變化超預期;美國經濟衰退開啟時點早(晚)於預期;中美關係等短時地緣政治風險擾動超預期;美國中小銀行爆雷及商業地產風險事件爆發超預期;美國與非美經濟基本面差異引發美元幣值波動超預期。

注:本文節選自中信證券研究部已於2023年5月11日發佈的《海外宏觀|黃金價格計入了多少降息預期?》報吿,報吿分析師:崔嶸 S1010517040001;李腫S1010522100001
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