短期影響港股的多空因素有哪些?還有哪些彈性品種值得關注?
來源:國泰君安證券研究
港股上週維持震盪。國內通脹不及預期,令市場質疑經濟復甦動力。另一方面,國內社融信貸及進出口數據超預期改善,海外美國通脹超預期下行,二季度國內經濟復甦及海外流動性正面因素正在積累。本報告主要探討和分析短期內可能影響市場的多空因素,以及在國內經濟弱復甦和海外流動性逐步改善背景下的相應策略。
01 多空因素交織,港股上週維持震盪
1)國內3月CPI同比增速略強於季節性,但弱於市場預期。PPI弱於季節性,上遊通縮延續。通脹不及預期令市場質疑經濟復甦動力;
2)3月社融延續超預期,新增人民幣貸款超預期爲主要貢獻量。總量與結構持續改善;
3)出口大超預期,同期韓國和越南出口繼續大幅下跌,反映外需仍在持續走弱中,出口超預期可能並不具有持續性;
4)美國3月CPI環比略低於市場預期,但核心CPI環比基本符合市場預期,市場繼續交易美聯儲5月加息25BP。
02 短期市場多空因素影響幾何?
1)通脹持續走弱,說明內需韌性不足,通縮風險升溫,政策端亟需加大擴內需的支持力度。
2)社融數據總量超預期,但資金傳導至實際經濟還需要更長時間以及更多政策呵護。M2-社融剪刀差依然處於歷史最高水平的區域,即資金向實體經濟傳導不暢。未來超額儲蓄流出+庫存與盈利週期見拐點+地產趨勢性向上才能再度擡升經濟預期。降息空間仍存。
3)出口數據大超預期,可能更多的是因爲訂單回補等內部因素導致,預計持續性可能不強。短期政策的迫切性有所放緩。預計未來二季度歐美需求大概率整體走弱,因此預計3月出口的超預期反彈並不具有持續性,政策加碼概率或上升。
03 二季度或迎來做多港股的窗口期,建議逢低佈局成長板塊:
1)港股前期的回調已計入了預期下限的5%左右的GDP增長目標,未來的焦點是經濟數據和企業業績修復情況。目前國內經濟仍處於向上修復當中,儘管可能存在結構上的不均衡,但總體下行風險較小。
2)從中長期方向上來看,通脹數據連續低於預期,擴內需政策亟需加大力度。二季度出口仍有下行壓力,國內託底措施的加碼值得期待。美國通脹數據超預期下行,預計5月爲美聯儲的最後一次加息,且市場亦在預期美聯儲下半年轉鴿。流動性寬鬆交易再現,支持港股反彈。
3)國內經濟呈弱復甦態勢,政策端或有更多積極催化,疊加美元美債或再度進入下行通道,將顯著利好港股成長板塊,尤其是互聯網服務、平臺經濟等內需相關行業。此外,海外流動性逐步改善將利好恆生科技指數和創新藥等。
04 行業配置方面,繼續佈局彈性品種
1)海外流動性敏感的行業,例如恆生科技指數和創新藥等。
2)佈局行業景氣週期仍在尋底,靜待拐點到來的行業,如消費電子、半導體和汽車等。
3)港股特色消費,業績修復較爲確定,經歷23年2~3月調整後,上漲空間再次打開。
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