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圖解 | 盤點美國未被保險存款比例最高的30家銀行:未保險存款總額為蘋果市值三倍
格隆匯4月7日丨據標普全球市場情報數據,美國至少有7萬億美元的未保險存款,這一數字大約是蘋果(AAPL.US)市值的三倍,大約相當於美國GDP的30%。未保險存款是指超過聯邦存款保險公司(FDIC)投保的25萬美元限額的存款,該限額在全球金融危機後實際上是從10萬美元開始增加的,它們大約佔所有銀行存款的40%。下圖為美國30家未受保險存款比例最高的銀行,他們在2022年底資產至少為500億美元。其中,紐約梅隆銀行(BK.US)和道富銀行(STT.US)是無投保銀行存款水平最高的活躍銀行,且都被視為具有 "系統重要性 "的銀行。它們是美國最大的兩家託管銀行,其次是摩根大通。託管銀行在金融系統中提供關鍵的基礎設施,擔負為投資經理保管資產,轉移資產以及其他職責。這些銀行與硅谷銀行不同的地方在於,它們的貸款和持有至到期的證券佔總存款的比例要低得多。雖然這些貸款佔硅谷銀行存款的94%以上,但它們分別佔紐約梅隆銀行和道富銀行存款的31%和40%。在這份名單上,一共有11家銀行的貸款和持有至到期的資產佔其存款總價值的90%以上。為了防止銀行的利率風險,美聯儲在今年3月12日為銀行最近設立了一種全新的緊急貸款機制,即銀行定期融資計劃(BTFP),以便在儲户撤資時為銀行提供額外的資金。到目前為止,已經有超過500億美元的貸款從BTFP中撤出,比第一週的119億美元要多,這導致美聯儲的資產負債表在2022年進行量化緊縮政策後緩慢下降後再次擴張。

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