美聯儲三月會議或是最後的“鷹派”,港美股市場存在哪些風險與機遇?
美聯儲三月會議或是最後的“鷹派”,儘管美聯儲仍稱年內不降息,但市場仍押注5月暫停加息,且美國經濟、通脹回落形勢使得美聯儲有理由或於二季度暫停加息。在美聯儲或存轉向窗口之際,機構通過覆盤歷次加息週期,認爲權益市場在二季度(美聯儲有望暫停加息)可能出現做多的窗口期,但仍需注意加息尾部風險。
美聯儲三月會議或是最後的“鷹派”,市場押注5月暫停加息。美聯儲3月再度加息25基點,表明其仍有信心在抗通脹的同時可以兼顧金融風險。FOMC聲明中刪去“持續加息”表述,預留了後續貨幣政策調整,甚至“轉向”的窗口。美聯儲主席鮑威爾重申加息立場,凸顯抗通脹仍是當務之急,但市場仍押注美聯儲或最早將於5月結束加息。此外,當前銀行業流動性風險或進一步促成信貸收縮,從而邊際上或有助於美聯儲提早結束加息。
經濟、通脹回落形勢使得美聯儲有理由於二季度暫停加息。從美國經濟轉弱、通脹回落,以及穩金融的角度出發,美聯儲二季度有理由或暫停加息。此次流動性風險或加劇信貸緊縮程度,加速美國經濟動能轉弱,並推動通脹回落。根據我們的預測模型,美國通脹有望於二季度回落並降至5%以下,並低於當前的政策利率水平。此外,當前加息已步入“深水區”,美聯儲暫停加息亦利於觀察更多潛在尾部風險。
末次加息結束後,權益市場如何表現?
1)1970-1982年的大通脹時期,經濟環境複雜,受高通脹、能源危機等因素影響,末次加息結束後,權益市場的表現仍較爲震盪。
2)在1984-90年兩輪加息週期中,美股、港股在末次加息結束前有搶跑流動性改善的跡象,而末次加息後,整體偏震盪上行。
3)1990年後的“大緩和”時期至本輪加息前的四輪加息週期中,在末次加息結束後,全球主要股指多呈上漲趨勢。
加息結束前的調整,風險與機會並存。1)機會層面:從歷次加息週期來看,權益市場在末次加息後多數時間內均上漲。二季度若暫停加息,意味着權益市場可能出現做多的窗口。2)風險層面:回顧1990年後大緩和時期的四輪加息中,流動性預期壓力以及盈利下修等因素影響下,美股、港股及新興市場權益市場末次加息前多呈調整態勢。
後市資產價格展望:
1)美股:此次銀行事件邊際上有望令美聯儲政策轉向時點提前,流動性改善預期升溫,但中期經濟下行擔憂或拖累盈利預期下修,需注意調整風險,風險仍未出清。
2)港股:Q2有望受益於海外流動性持續改善以及國內經濟延續復甦,存在做多窗口期。
3)美債:流動性風險有望逐漸緩和情形下,美債收益率或隨避險退潮及加息預期升溫而有所反彈,預計短期3.5%~4.0%震盪,中期3%~3.5%。
4)黃金:短期或回調,中期經濟衰退擔憂和聯儲政策轉向前移,有望站穩2,000美元/盎司,並突破前高。
風險提示:聯儲緊縮超預期、全球經濟衰退預期、金融市場風險加劇。
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