華爾街擔憂美國經濟將“硬着陸”
隨着硅谷銀行倒閉令銀行業面臨壓力、以及對瑞信(CS.US)擔憂情緒的升溫,經濟和市場的前景正變得黯淡,市場對經濟衰退的擔憂也在加劇。標普500指數週三收跌0.7%,兩年期美債收益率下跌超過30個基點,布倫特原油價格下跌5%至一年來最低水平,這些數據都表明對經濟衰退的焦慮情緒的加劇。
幾周前,分析人士和投資者還在爭論美國經濟是否會很快陷入衰退,關於美國經濟將出現“不着陸”的觀點也逐漸佔據上風,即經濟繼續增長、通脹高於預期。然而,在過去的這一週里,這種觀點已被動搖。儘管近期的數據顯示美國就業和通脹等關鍵領域依然強勁,但一些投資者擔心,在美聯儲啓動的數十年來最激進的緊縮週期之後,銀行業可能出現的更多動盪,並且超出經濟的承受能力。
John Hancock投資管理公司的聯席首席投資策略師Emily Roland表示:“‘不着陸’的可能性很快就消失了。現在有些事情正在破裂,我們認爲經濟衰退可能已經提前。”
投行Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.的分析師週三指出,聯邦基金利率與兩年期美債收益率之差已觸及95個基點,在過去四次衰退中,其中有三次在衰退前達到這一水平。與此同時,美債收益率曲線幾個月以來的持續倒掛也一直在發出衰退信號,儘管不少市場參與者認爲衰退將是輕微的。

阿波羅全球管理公司的首席經濟學家Torsten Slok是美國經濟“不着陸”這一觀點的早期支持者之一。他認爲,美聯儲無法迅速爲經濟增長和通脹降溫,這將迫使政策制定者的加息幅度超出預期,並在明年某個時候引發經濟衰退。不過,鑑於近期對銀行業的擔憂,Torsten Slok改變了他的觀點。他認爲美聯儲不太可能會在下週會議上加息,因爲經濟衰退可能迫在眉睫。他表示:“一場金融事故已經發生。在信貸條件收緊的推動下,我們正從‘不着陸’走向‘硬着陸’。”
目前,芝加哥商品交易所的FedWatch Tool顯示,美聯儲在下週加息25個基點的可能性爲66.4%,而不加息的可能性爲33.6%(高於前一天的30.6%)。

資管公司Allspring Global Investments的高級投資策略師Brian Jacobsen表示:“美聯儲有加息直到某些東西崩潰的歷史。我們正在看跌企業和商業模式崩潰。”他認爲,標普500指數很可能跌穿去年10月份3577點的低位,較當前水平有8%的下行空間。而在兩週前,他還預計標普500指數將在年底前升至4400點。此外,他正在增加多空股票策略的頭寸,並預計這將受益於美股和美債的波動。
瑞銀美洲資產配置部門主管Jason Draho認爲,標普500指數到年底時將在3800點附近。他同時表示,經濟衰退的風險正在增加,“‘軟着陸’的機率已經下降,‘硬着陸’的可能性已經上升。”
不過,也有一些投資者不那麼悲觀。他們認爲,監管機構對硅谷銀行的緊急出手(包括爲儲戶的資金提供擔保等)將防止危機發生,併爲經濟“軟着陸”創造條件。FlowBank市場策略師Paul de La Baume就表示:“美國監管機構在確保儲戶拿回資金方面的高度反應幫助組織了潛在的信心喪失。最近的事情也告訴我們,監管機構不願意讓經濟處於風險之中。”
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