夜讀 | 消費電子過氣啦?
作者:ZHR
來源:格上研究
中國智能手機市場在近三年來一直持續走低,2022年1-6月,智能手機出貨量1.34億部,同比下降21.7%。其中第二季度中國智能手機銷量同比下降14.2%,而上一次銷量低於二季度的數值出現在近十年前的2012年第四季度。與此同時,英特爾二季度出現了4.54億美元的淨虧損,作爲對比,去年二季度,英特爾獲得了50億美元的淨利潤。在毛利潤率上,英特爾從一季度的50.4%下降到了二季度的36.5%。
從去年年底很多領域處於缺貨和追貨的階段,到今年春節之後整個市場的需求斷崖式下滑,反應時間可能只有一兩個月,對於今年的市場,是否意味着曾經高景氣的消費電子行業進入了寒冬?
從下圖,我們可以看到消費電子產業當前的市盈率是低於中位數的,整體的估值是較低的,當前進入佈局安全墊是有的。

下面,我們來了解一下隨着智能化時代的到來而應運而生的這個產業吧!
消費電子是指可供消費者日常使用的電子設備,通常具有小巧輕便、操作簡單和節能設計等優點。消費電子產品的使用增加了生活的便利性,豐富了日常娛樂生活,提升了生活品質,已經成爲人們生活的重要組成部分。


消費電子產業鏈上遊爲原材料,包括硅、金屬、塑料、玻璃、化工製品等;產業鏈中遊爲元器件及組件,包括芯片、傳感器、半導體、顯示屏、塑料、鋰電池等;產業鏈下遊包括智能手機、平板電腦、筆記本電腦、可穿戴設備、汽車消費電子等主要產品,以及專賣店、自營店、大型商超、電商平臺等銷售渠道。通常在A股中,消費電子分爲三條主線:蘋果產業鏈,華爲產業鏈和特斯拉產業鏈。
消費電子龍頭企業案例分析-立訊精爲什麼大衆十分熱衷的電子產品如今進入了寒冬呢?其實主要來源於兩點:對於電子產品本身來說,目前硬件的提升已經進入瓶頸,性能已經大幅過剩。大家可以試想一下已經多久沒有因爲型號更新而置換手機了,主要是因爲花了錢,買了新的硬件產品,但是得到的性能提升感知不明顯。
而對於消費者來說,如今經濟形勢不好,在經濟增速放緩的大背景下,大家的收入也出現了不同程度的影響,節流開源,現金爲王、適度消費成爲了大衆的主流選擇,除非剛需,否則很少會動不動買手機、電腦等這樣的大件。
還有就是芯片短缺造成的影響。因爲芯片產能不夠,廠商能夠拿到芯片的成本變高,羊毛出在羊身上,最終還得是消費者爲原材料的漲價買單,因此消費者的消費情緒也就更理性了。
疫情三年,消費電子行業的發展也是起起伏伏,從全球多個國家和地區封控衍生出大批居家辦公、線上教育需求,帶動筆電平板市場出現爆發式增長;再到如今經濟環境持續低迷,市場需求疲軟。可以預見的是,經濟未見回暖跡象之前,消費電子產業鏈需求萎縮的局面還將繼續。
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