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中信證券:營收利潤多數高增,IRA加速日韓廠佈局北美

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:袁健聰 吳威辰 滕冠興等

海外主流電池廠相繼發佈22Q3經營情況。營收方面,LGES/Panasonic能源部門/SK On/SDI電池業務 22Q3營收分別為380/119/109/240億元,環比+51%/ 6%/ 70%/76%;營業利潤率方面,LGES/ Panasonic 能源部門/SK On/SDI電池業務營業利潤率水平分別為6.8%/5.1%/-6.1%/10.0%,除Panasonic環比有所下降外,LGES、Panasonic、SK On同環比皆上升。新能源車電池裝機量方面,LGES/ Panasonic/SK On/SDI 22Q3裝機量分別為18.9GWh/9.5GWh/8.0GWh /6.6GWh,環比+34%/ -5.9%/ +16%/ +3%。通脹削減法案(IRA)正式通過後,日韓電池廠積極配合法案補貼要求,打造本地化供應鏈體系,擴大北美產能。LGES計劃到2025年北美產能從當前的13GWh提升至230GWh;Panasonic宣佈在美新建2170電池廠,到2029財年日美總產能目標150-200GWh;SK On計劃到2025年北美產能從當前的10GWh提升至94GWh;SDI的美國合資工廠提前動工,並或將在加拿大新建一座電池廠。此外各公司也在積極與本土上游材料供應商尋求合作,充分享受補貼與税收優惠。日韓電池廠將發展重心轉向美國市場,因而歐洲市場競爭相對減弱,建議關注出海歐洲的優質電池廠及供應鏈企業;IRA法案對於隔膜供應鏈企業影響較小,建議關注赴美建廠的國內優質隔膜企業。

LGES:2022Q3營收創紀錄,利潤率大幅回升,將大力擴展北美市場。

根據LGES官網信息,公司22Q3營收380億元,同比+89.9%,環比+50.8%;毛利潤69.3億元,毛利率18.2%,同比-0.6pct,環比+2.0pcts;營業利潤25.9億元,同比扭虧,環比+166%,營業利潤率6.8%,同比+16.1pcts,環比+3.0pcts。LGES 22Q3裝機量18.9GWh,環比+34%。公司預計美國市場在政策刺激下將繼續強勁增長,公司將加強在北美的產能佈局,到2025年北美規劃產能合計230GWh。公司為了配合IRA法案補貼中對於供應鏈的本土化要求,佈局本土供應鏈;未來5年目標為電解液實現100%本地化,正極本地化目標比例63%,負極本地化目標比例42%,核心礦物本地化目標比例72%。

Panasonic:2022Q3營收保持穩定,利潤率略有下滑,擴建北美產能佈局,4680電池產能按計劃推進。

根據松下官網信息,22Q3 Energy部門(包含車載電池和工業儲能)營業收入119億元,環比+6.23%;營業利潤6.11億元,環比-23.9%;營業利潤率5.1%,環比-2.03pcts。Panasonic 22Q3裝機量9.5GWh,環比-5.9%。松下將在美國堪薩斯州建設新電池廠,總投資額高達40億美元,規劃產能30GWh;公司計劃於2029財年(2028Q2-2029Q1)將日本與北美總產能提升至150-200GWh。

SK On:2022Q3規模效應體現,盈利平衡點漸近。

根據SK On官網信息,SKI電池業務22Q3營收109億元,同比+169%,環比+70.4%;營業利潤-6.7億元,營業利潤率-6.1%,同比+6.0pcts,環比+19.3pcts;季度EBITDA首次轉正,為0.47億元。SK On 22Q3裝機量8.0GWh,環比+16%,公司今年北美一號工廠投產,產能爬坡帶動公司出貨量提升,規模效應下營業利潤率改善。公司計劃到2025年將北美產能提升至94GWh。

SDI:高附加值產品帶動2022Q3營收、利潤快速增長,全球多地工廠計劃擴建產能。

根據SDI官網信息,22Q3營收266億元,其中電池業務營收240億元,同比+76.4%,環比+18.7%,電子材料業務營收26.5億元;電池業務營業利潤24.1億元(同比+140%,環比+98.0%),營業利潤率10.0%(同比+2.7pcts,環比+4.0pcts)。SDI 22Q3裝機量6.6GWh,環比+3%。SDI營收和利潤增長主要由於Gen5電池、高功率電動工具、户用儲能等等高附加值產品的需求堅挺、銷售良好以及原材料價格波動完全向下傳導。關於IRA,公司在法案出台後已與主要OEM深入討論,積極推動本地化生產。根據其公吿,公司將印第安納州的合資工廠提前2個月動工;據Business Korea報道,公司或將在加拿大安大略省新建一座電池廠。

風險因素:

海外經濟將陷入衰退的預期,引發海外新能源汽車銷量不達預期;美國IRA法案政策實施細則尚未公佈,存在不確定性;歐洲政府可能效仿美國IRA法案,給國內供應鏈企業出海造成阻礙;上游原材料上漲帶來行業盈利不確定性;全球地緣政治因素造成的供應鏈擾動。

投資策略:

IRA法案助推日韓電池廠加速佈局北美產能及本土供應鏈,因而歐洲擴張相對放緩。國內電池廠在歐洲競爭相對減弱,建議關注在歐洲建設產能的國內優質標的。日韓加速佈局北美產能,帶來巨大上游原材料需求,IRA法案對於隔膜供應鏈企業影響較小,建議關注赴美建廠的國內優質隔膜企業。

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