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國君宏觀:廣義財政擴張有望持續至四季度
格隆匯 08-24 07:19

本文來自格隆匯專欄:國君宏觀董琦,作者:董琦、黃汝南

導讀

7月廣義財政指數為年初至今高點,但受疫情、高温、地產等因素拖累,私人部門加槓桿速度放緩。我們測算本輪廣義財政週期有望在高位持續至年末,對財政擴張“後勁”可以樂觀一些。

摘要

1、7月GTJA-GFI回升至年初至今最高水平:

1)7月國泰君安廣義財政指數為101.0,較6月小幅提升,為年初以來最高水平,接近2020年同期的101.1;

2)7月生產性財政佔廣義財政比重(3MMA)為35.75%,受專項債發行收尾影響,較上月回落0.3個百分點;

3)預算內資金佔廣義財政比重(6MMA)為92.4%,較上月上升1.5個百分點,主因為預算外資金中的政策性金融債淨融資額回落。

2、7月實體經濟槓桿率微升,居民和非金融企業部門加槓桿放緩:

1)實體經濟宏觀槓桿率為275.9%,較上月小幅上升0.4個百分點,回升速度明顯放緩;

2)居民部門槓桿率為62.3%,比6月小幅提升0.1個百分點,疫情反彈和風險事件對居民預期造成負面影響,7月居民新增人民幣貸款也出現大幅收縮; 

3)非金融企業部門槓桿率為164.0%,較6月基本持平,可能與7月高温天氣導致生產活動放緩有關;

4)政府部門槓桿率為49.5%,比上月再上升0.3個百分點。其中,中央政府部門槓桿率比上月上升0.2個百分點;地方政府部門槓桿率比上月上升0.1個百分點。

3、7月廣義財政指數反彈至年初至今的最高水平,隨着新增專項債發行基本完畢,市場擔心下半年財政擴張將“後勁不足”,但我們測算表明本輪廣義財政週期有望在高位持續至年末:

1)新增專項債發行後的密集支出以及政策性金融債的發行將支撐三季度廣義財政指數繼續上行,在不考慮專項債限額餘額發行的情況下,高點可能在三季度末至四季度初;若專項債限額餘額能夠發行並形成支出,則四季度週期有望進一步上行;

2)受土地出讓收入大幅下滑拖累,本輪廣義財政週期上行斜率偏緩,若沒有專項債限額餘額發行,高點可能略低於20年12月水平;但若專項債限額餘額能夠發行並形成支出,則高點有望超過前高,對財政擴張“後勁”可以樂觀一些;

3)7月私人部門槓桿率上行放緩有疫情和高温等短期因素擾動,但也有地產下行等因素拖累;預計下半年私人部門加槓桿的方向不變,但節奏取決於地產風險事件處置進度。

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