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又有6只股進入退市整理期,2022年將成A股退市元年

5月17日晚間,*ST羅頓、*ST中房、*ST中天、*ST明科、*ST遊久、*ST昌魚宣吿終止公司股票上市,5月25日起進入退市整理期,預計6月15日為最後交易日期。

今日開盤,上述6家公司應聲暴跌,其中退市昌魚、退市羅頓、退市中天、退市中房跌幅超59%,退市遊久、退市明科下跌幅度分別達21.57%,8.24%。

這些公司有的過往坐擁百億市值,有的過往是行業優質標的,但現在這一切都化為烏有。

據數據統計,截止至5月24日,2022年A股觸及退市紅線的公司已有40家,宣佈退市的公司21家,已經逼近2021年全年退市23家的水平。此外,有8家觸及“營業收入低於1億元+淨利潤為負”指標。

今年觸及退市的公司增多,其中絕大多數是財務類退市的公司。我國目前強制退市的指標分為4類:財務類、交易類、規範類、重大違法類,而在財務類指標中“營業收入低於1億元+扣非前後淨利潤為負”這一規定堪稱應對“保殼企業”的殺手鐗,基本扼殺了企業通過操控財務做高公司營業收入以應對監管的情況。

上述6家公司中,除去退市中天,其餘企業皆因財務指標問題被強制退市,退市中天則是因為淨資產為負,財報被出具無法表示意見被強制退市。

近期,資本市場吐故納新正在提速。5月24日晚間,*ST新光和*ST科迪宣吿終止上市,加上23日宣佈退市的*ST丹邦、*ST聖萊、*ST騰邦三家公司,本週已經有5家公司宣吿退市。由此可見我國推行退市新規後,市場正在發生的蜕變。

回首過去,從A股誕生到2021年的光陰裏,退市的公司僅有163家,1999-2019年,年均退市公司僅為6家。過去A股退市制度不健全,退市指標設置不合理,退市流程漫長且低效,導致本應退市的公司無法有效出清,這些公司逐漸被邊緣化而產生大量小市值公司,佔用了寶貴的市場資源。

今年3月25日,國家將穩增長作為2022政府工作報吿的基調,推進註冊制改革再次被提及。同月底,中共中央辦公廳、國務院辦公廳印發《關於推進社會信用體系建設高質量發展促進形成新發展格局的意見》指出,嚴格執行強制退市制度,建立上市公司優勝劣汰的良性循環機制。

毫無疑問,2022年是A股的退市大年。註冊制的全面推行與資本市場的改革政策,推動退市制度的逐步完善,市場的優勝劣汰機制將使得越來越多基本面差的股票無處遁形。

值得一提的是,2021年在眾多白馬股下跌的背景下,ST板塊走出靚麗的風景線,板塊全年漲幅超60%。儘管2022年ST板塊已經大幅回調近20%,但近期“摘帽行情”盛行,又吸引了不少投資者重新關注ST板塊。

這波“摘帽行情”不排除有渾水摸魚的公司在炒作,投機這類公司或許短期能帶來超額收益,但一旦預期落空,必定導致股價大幅回落。當前A股常態化退市機制正在逐步形成,在監管部門不斷加大退市新規監管力度的大環境下,對於普通投資者而言,應當重視上市公司基本面,警惕退市風險,拒絕“炒短博差”。

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