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人民幣大幅貶值,為何北上仍在流入?
格隆匯 04-28 09:55

本文來自: 宏觀亮語 ,作者:解運亮團隊

前言:4月以來,人‍‍‍民幣匯率加速貶值,但外資卻並未出現大幅流出。哪類外資受人民幣匯率影響更大?為何近期人民幣大幅貶值而外資仍能保持較強定力,甚至出現迴流?本篇將做出解答。

報吿正文

人民幣大幅貶值,為何北上仍在流入?

人民幣匯率是影響北上資金的重要因子之一,二者在多數時間呈現出較強的負相關性。從過去幾年情況看,人民幣匯率的升貶的確對北上資金流入節奏有着直接影響,尤其是當人民幣匯率出現較大幅度的單邊變化時,二者之間存在較為明顯的負相關性,而日常的匯率雙向小幅波動則影響有限。這背後邏輯在於人民幣的大幅升值進一步提升了以人民幣計價的資產溢價,吸引外資流入,而貶值時資產溢價回落,市場則通常會面臨外資流出壓力。

4月以來,人民幣匯率加速貶值,但外資卻並未出現大幅流出。美元兑離岸人民幣匯率由4月初的6.37大幅回落至4月26日的6.59,貶值幅度達3.5%,但期間外資卻並未出現大幅流出,尤其是上週單週貶值幅度就達到了2.35%,而北上卻實現小幅淨流入4.4億元,4月以來總體淨流入規模也到達了26.9億元。

為何本輪人民幣大幅貶值,但外資卻仍在流入?我們認為主要有兩點原因:

(1)從外資結構拆分的角度看,與人民幣匯率負相關性更強的交易型外資近期也並未大幅流出,總體仍維持流入。交易型外資和配置型外資與人民幣匯率變動之間均呈現出負相關性,但由於交易型外資對短期因素敏感性更高,因此與人民幣匯率的負相關性相較配置型外資而言也更強。但近期人民幣匯率大幅貶值,交易型外資卻並未出現大幅流出,總體仍維持流入,是支撐外資在本輪人民幣匯率貶值過程中依然保持流入的重要原因之一。

(2)3月受美聯儲加息、俄烏衝突,尤其是SEC強化對中概股審計監管的影響,外資一度大幅流出,但隨着海外投資者對於中美監管博弈的擔憂緩解,疊加近期市場大幅調整至低位,雖然面臨人民幣貶值擾動,外資仍保持了較強定力,甚至出現迴流。3月受美聯儲加息、俄烏衝突,尤其是SEC強化對中概股審計監管的影響,外資一度大幅流出,其中3月2日-3月16日北上資金連續11個交易日減倉達678.8億元,除交易型外資外,配置屬性較強的外資“長錢”也罕見地大幅流出,在3月7日-16日,配置盤連續8天減倉A股,區間累計淨達流出361.6億。而隨着海外投資者對於中美監管博弈的擔憂緩解,疊加近期市場大幅調整至低位,配置性價比進一步提升,雖然面臨人民幣貶值擾動,但外資仍保持了較強定力,甚至出現迴流。

總結來看,人民幣雖近期面臨較大貶值壓力,但無需過度擔憂外資的大幅流出,外資流入A股仍是長期趨勢。短期看,在經歷了3月恐慌性流出後,當前海外投資者對中美監管博弈等擔憂逐步緩解,疊加市場已進一步調整至低位,外資從而能保持較強定力,甚至出現迴流,近期人民幣匯率貶值並不構成主要制約。而從中長期看,中美名義利差雖出現倒掛但實際利差仍維持較高水平,疊加外資仍低配A股等,外資流入A股仍是長期趨勢。

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1、歷史經驗可能存在失效風險;2、不同區間統計可能存在結論差異風險

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