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申萬宏源:我們正在迎來2022年第一次有效反彈

本文來自:申萬宏源研究,作者:傅靜濤、黃子函

一、我們正在迎來2022年第一次有效反彈,之所以“有效”,是因為這一次反彈中孕育着反轉的可能性!

1.歷史級別的高性價比(當前的隱含ERP已與歷史大底的水平相當)已現,股價中已經隱含了絕大部分悲觀預期。股價對於疫情反覆、美聯儲緊縮、中美利差倒掛等風險的反映都會逐步鈍化。可能使得隱含ERP突破極值的條件,應該是A股歷史上不曾出現過的風險。

2.一些重要的邊際改善正在發生:(1)上海疫情出現改善,社會面清零地區管控放鬆,復工復產預期增強;(2)二次“政策底”加速佈局,基建集中發力的可見度提升;(3)財經委會議強調“有問題及時糾偏”,迎合市場關切;(4)5月美聯儲議息會議鄰近,海外緊縮預期有望迎來階段性高點。

3.上證綜指3023點的反彈,我們並沒有做重點提示,因為那波反彈隱含的中期預期是二季度還要磨底,這種預期會限制反彈的空間。而這一次,疫情影響下,短期基本面快速下行,但中期基本面改善的窗口拉長了,經濟Q3恢復性增長是大概率,Q4有望迎來真實改善。同時,中短期擔憂集中反映,悲觀預期出清充分,後續有望輕裝上陣。行情最終演繹成反轉的可能性客觀存在,至少對反轉的期待,將使得反彈更有效、更值得參與。

二、接下來買什麼?我們提示的“兩個交易”都在發揮作用:1.美聯儲緊縮預期兑現交易,超跌的科技製造修復電力設備、國防軍工、電子、計算機),走得更快、彈性更大。2.疫情緩和+二次“政策底”交易,白酒、醫美、穩增長建材建築、煤炭),走得更穩更長。

反彈買什麼?我們建議先把握好眼前的改善,本週提示的“兩個交易”都將繼續見效:

1、美聯儲緊縮預期兑現交易,對應超跌的科技製造修復。電力設備、國防軍工、電子和計算機的短期性價比極高,創業板相對滬深300的性價比極高。反彈中,科技成長是彈性更高的方向。

2、疫情緩和+二次“政策底”也在加速兑現,重點關注邏輯瑕疵只有疫情的消費品(白酒、醫美),穩增長政策催化更確定的是基建,關注建材建築,中期仍看好煤炭。這個機會,將隨着後續政策催化和效果驗證逐步展開,是有望走得更穩更長的方向。

三、思考反彈到反轉的宏觀條件和結構選擇,展望一些值得關注的遠期交易:

1.美國經濟走弱+緊縮預期大拐點+美國在全球製造摩擦的能力減弱:這種情況下,最好的資產是光伏和CXO(中期需求側風險主要來自於中美摩擦)。

2.國內穩增長效果顯現:煤炭,地產後週期(家電、家居),新能車(需求改善提升成本消納能力,景氣預期有望重新理順),計算機(企業IT投入有後週期屬性)。

3.從成本壓力到成本紅利,中國製造新競爭力驗證:中長期,中國在三大能源上的成本可能長期低於歐美,化工、冶煉加工、紡織,乃至更下游的家電、工程機械都將受益。

從反彈到反轉絕非一蹴而就,需要步步為營。我們更願意設定好條件,思考清楚結構,以求加倉換倉的效果能事半功倍。5月,先加倉做反彈!

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