國君宏觀:財政週期上行確認,寬信用仍待升温
本文來自格隆匯專欄:國君宏觀董琦,作者:董琦、黃汝南
導讀
2月廣義財政週期上行趨勢確認,考慮到年內穩增長壓力大,預計此輪週期上行將持續到三季度;但當前實體經濟槓桿率相對平穩,其中政府和非金融企業略升、居民略降,寬信用第一階段,實體經濟實際融資需求偏弱,預計二季度後才能看到實體經濟槓桿率回升。
摘要
2月GTJA-GFI繼續提升,廣義財政週期上行趨勢確認:
(1)2月國泰君安廣義財政指數為100.9,與1月相比上行0.2,回升至2021年5月水平,與2021年9月的底部相比提升0.6,廣義財政週期上行趨勢已經確立;
(2)1月和2月生產性財政佔廣義財政比重(3MMA)分別達到38.9%和38.6%,與疫情衝擊下財政發力的2020年上半年基本持平,接近當時的最高佔比(40.1%);
(3)預算內資金佔廣義財政比重(6MMA)為88.2%,較上月提升0.8個百分點,較2021年12月提升1.2個百分點,其中預算外資金中的政策性金融債淨融資額小幅增加。
2月實體經濟槓桿率維持平穩,政府和非金融企業略升、居民略降:
(1)實體經濟宏觀槓桿率為269.6%,與2021年下半年基本持平;
(2)居民部門槓桿率為62.0%,比1月下降0.9個百分點,比2021年12月下降0.8個百分點,主要原因是2月居民中長貸出現負增長,拖累居民部門加槓桿;
(3)非金融企業部門槓桿率為160.9%,比1月下降0.6個百分點,比2021年12月上升1.7個百分點,進入2022年非金融企業槓桿率略有上升,但總體仍處於穩信用的底部區域;
(4) 政府部門槓桿率為46.9%,比上月回落0.2個百分點。其中,中央政府部門槓桿率比上月略降0.2%;地方政府部門槓桿率比上月上升0.1%,地方政府仍是加槓桿的主力。
廣義財政率先發力,但實體經濟實際融資需求短期仍偏弱:
(1)廣義財政指數自2021年10月首次回升,雖然此後出現短暫回落,但2月數據顯示廣義財政週期上行趨勢已經確立,考慮到年內穩增長壓力大,我們認為此輪週期上行將至少持續到三季度;
(2)月度槓桿率整體維持穩定,其中政府和非金融企業略升、居民略降,寬信用第一階段,實體經濟實際融資需求偏弱,預計二季度後才能看到實體經濟槓桿率回升,寬信用進入第二階段。
在財政週期上行的帶動下,全年基建資金充裕。截至3月第4周,專項債已發行1.2萬億元,佔全年額度的1/3,流向最多的領域分別為市政產業園區基礎設施、保障性安居工程、交通基礎設施和民生社會事業,基建類佔比約為63%,高於2021年的59%。從往年經驗來看,開年專項債流向基建比例一般偏高,為後續項目陸續開工提供資金保障。我們認為在財政週期上行的帶動下,全年基建資金相對充裕。








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