家電:細分板塊流量紅利可期,2022成本壓力有望釋放
本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:張若海 湯可欣
截至2021H1,家電行業電商滲透率已超53%,品牌線上流量興衰已成為左右行業基本面預期變化核心要素,圍繞基本面“預期差”量化,我們基於京東和抖音平台流量邊際變化與市場營收一致預期變化做比較,結合12月數據來看短期內市場預期存在修正壓力。與此同時,伴隨海外需求階段性走高,海外需求表現預期與原材料剪刀差成為關注焦點,聚焦出口量價變化趨勢與行業盈利能力的改善。綜合來看,家電板塊細分賽道如清潔電器、廚房小電,短期存在基本面向上修復可能;中期看,2021Q4原材料企穩且終端提價趨勢形成利潤剪刀差,大家電賽道有望優先獲益。
▍傳統電商平台搜索與市場營收預期差觀察:同比看,2021年壓力猶在,營收預期調整壓力仍存;環比看,細分板塊趨勢向好,結構性機會值得關注。
在長時間序列觀察下,京東搜索熱度指數與傳統家電行業營收存在一定正相關性。家電京東指數2021年同比提升6.1%,2021Q4同比提升為7.8%,與此同時Wind家電行業2021年的營收一致預期在2021Q4同比提升0.91%、營收增速的一致預期提升0.43pct,且樂觀預期的趨勢延續至今,2022年初至今對2021年的營收及其增速的一致預期提升0.02%/0.03pct,但12月家電熱度指數邊際下滑,市場預期存在修正壓力。但具體看細分賽道仍有較清晰的結構性機會,清潔電器、廚房小電行業熱度2021年同比提升29.8%/-5.4%,2021Q4同比提升為25.5%/5.5%,而2021Q4Wind2021年市場營收的一致預期環比下降8.07%/3.31%,同時今年年初至今Wind2021年市場營收的一致預期暫未有所反應,其存在預期上調的可能性。
新家電概念預期差觀察(京東搜索熱度指數):12月,可選/必選消費類家電增速分別為2.8%和7.0%,可選消費增速大幅回落;品質生活和女性消費類增速為18.3%和21.8%,熱度有所回升;地產後週期類家電熱度有所回落,12月同比增速為6.07%,較11月環比下降2.0pcts。
▍新直播渠道品牌線上觀察:抖音作為三方平台增長最快的直播渠道,市場關注度不斷提升,流量與心智競爭是短期重點。
大家電類美的、海爾早期佈局抖音渠道雙頭龍頭格局漸成,12月海爾、長虹的流量佔比分別提升5.65pcts、2.94pcts,心智佔領進一步提升;清潔電器類,12月掃地機器人品牌科沃斯、石頭、雲鯨的抖音購買轉換率分別為0.38%、2.20%、0.50%,洗地機品牌添可、必勝、追覓的抖音購買轉換率分別為0.64%、0.14%、1.23%;廚房小電類共聚抖音挖掘增量、競爭激烈,其中蘇泊爾、九陽維持頭部地位;廚衞大電類,傳統煙灶仍為主流,但火星人抖音商品流量12月環比提升4倍,商品遊覽量達12萬次;個護健康類,按摩儀器賽道品牌抖音渠道逐步起勢,奧佳華、飛科抖音購買轉換率提升顯著,轉化率分別達1.36%、4.7%。
▍中期驅動因素觀察:原材料價格壓力逐步釋放,家電出海趨勢不改。
12月國內家電需求再探底,同比2021年增速為-6.0%,低於同期社會零售總額的1.7%;海外家電市場有序復甦,出口家電量減價升,高端化與品牌化趨勢不改,其中空調出口金額大幅提升24.2%,空調出口量價齊升的窗口期已至。從上游看,2020年5月起家電相關原材料價格持續上漲,家電行業持續承壓。但核心原材料價格近期有企穩跡象,12月銅、鋁的均價環比變動-2.20和2.04%,且部分原材料的價格已處於下降通道中(鋼材、冷軋板、塑料分別環比下降1.44%、3.88%、3.57%) ,優先利好冰洗電等大家電;與此同時,原材料價格上漲的壓力推動零售均價於2021年3月逐步上行,且預計家電提價趨勢仍將持續,形成利潤剪刀差,家電行業毛利率提升建議關注有向終端傳導成本壓力能力的優秀公司,如海爾智家、科沃斯、石頭科技等。
▍風險提示:
京東、天貓、抖音數據回溯歷史較短;宏觀經濟恢復不及預期,居民購買力下降導致家電需求緊縮;疫情反覆,抑制居民消費熱情。宏觀數據和指標具有一定的滯後性。
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