缺芯!今年全球乘用車減產至少520萬輛!
特斯拉(TSLA.US)股價週四走高,截至收盤漲超2%,報722.25美元。該公司CEO馬斯克表示,公司是在與全球半導體短缺相關的“極端供應鏈限制”下運營的。
馬斯克在回覆木頭姐Cathie Wood的社交媒體帖子時特別指出兩大供應商是汽車生產的最大制約因素,他表示:“在中國上海超級工廠中,特斯拉上半個季度生產汽車用來出口,下半個季度生產本地市場用車。正如公開披露的那樣,我們在某些‘標準’汽車芯片的極端供應鏈限制下運營。日本瑞薩電子(Renesas Electronics)和德國博世公司(Robert Bosch)是迄今爲止對造車最大的制約因素。”
瑞薩電子是半導體與微控制器製造商,德國博世是電子產品方面的主要汽車供應商。今年早些時候,特斯拉曾表示轉向使用更多的微控制器,以避免芯片短缺的衝擊。

馬斯克的最新評論與其上月底的評論相呼應,當時他警告稱全球芯片短缺“相當嚴重”,可能會影響今年下半年的生產速度。他補充表示,產量增長將取決於全球供應鏈中其他部件的可用性。
他在7月27日對投資者表示:“從根本上說,芯片供應是影響我們產量的因素,我們很難說這將持續多久,因爲(芯片供應)基本上不受我們控制。這看起來確實在變好,但很難預測。”
芯片缺貨問題困擾着各大車企,自去年下半年以來,福特(F.US)、日產汽車(NSANY.US)、寶馬(BMWYY.US)的產量均受到影響;而通用汽車(GM.US)、本田汽車(HMC.US)、沃爾沃(VLVLY.US)、戴姆勒奔馳(DMLRY.US)等宣佈停產、減產的消息也不絕於耳。
美聯儲數據顯示,由於“缺芯”,美國第二季度汽車和零部件生產同比萎縮了22.5%。英國汽車製造商和貿易商協會(SMMT)也在近日表示,由於芯片短缺,英國今年6月份僅生產了69097輛汽車,這是自1953年以來的最低水平(去年除外)。
德國汽車研究中心近日發佈的數據顯示,今年全年,“缺芯”問題將導致全球乘用車減產至少520萬輛,2021到2023年,這一數字將進一步擴大到810萬輛。
儘管如此,有分析指出,仍然相信特斯拉能夠實現2021年交付100萬臺車的目標。最好的情況是特斯拉在柏林超級工廠和德克薩斯州超級工廠生產Model Y,以便明年順利提高產量,屆時芯片的短缺或許會開始變得不那麼嚴重。
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