鐵礦石年內漲逾94%,監管出手“降温”
自10月底起,國內鐵礦石2101期貨主力合約從每噸756元開始一路上行,一個多月來最大漲幅已逾30%,若對比今年4月初最低511元/噸的價格,鐵礦石2101期貨年內最大漲幅已超過94%。上週五(12月4日)夜盤盤中該主力合約一度衝高至993.0元/噸,創下2014年以來的新高。
12月7日早盤,鐵礦石2101期貨漲幅回落,報收於955.0元/噸。

(來源:wind)
針對鐵礦石期貨近期瘋漲局面,監管開始出手“降温”。
12月6日,大連商品交易所(簡稱“大商所”)在其公眾號發文稱,落實“零容忍”要求,近期交易所已針對鐵礦石等品種啟動“五位一體”監管協作機制,以發揮監管合力,嚴格排查市場交易行為,嚴厲打擊違法違規交易行為。
此前,大商所曾多次出台措施警示交易。12月4日,大商所發佈鐵礦石市場風險提示函;大商所也宣佈了對鐵礦石期貨I2105合約實施交易限額,自2020年12月7日交易時(即12月4日夜盤交易小節時)起,非期貨公司會員或者客户在鐵礦石期貨I2105合約上單日開倉量不得超過10000手。
除此之外,中鋼協副會長駱鐵軍6日直言道,近期進口鐵礦石價格大幅上漲超出了行業預期,使得行業運行風險進一步加大,不利於產業鏈供應鏈穩定。駱鐵軍稱,從中鋼協掌握情況來看,近期進口鐵礦石價格大幅上漲偏離供需基本面,存在貿易商招標異常助推指數上漲、期貨市場臨近交割月多頭逼倉等人為製造市場緊張行為。
鐵礦石基本面不斷改善是驅動其價格強勢上行的主要原因。
一方面,得益於國內經濟好轉,下游需求旺盛。數據顯示,11月國內製造業PMI錄得52.1,較10月環比提升0.7個百分點,為2017年10月以來最高值。
進入四季度,國內外生產端復產情況良好,原料補庫需求不斷增強。今年1-10個月,我國進口鐵礦石9.75億噸,同比增加11.2%,其中6月以來連續五個月份鐵礦石進口量均突破1億噸以上;進口均價為683.3元/噸,同比上漲3.8%。
鐵礦石進口量顯著增加,一定程度上反映了國內下游需求強勁。2020年1-10月,全國生鐵、粗鋼、鋼材產量同比分別增長4.3%、5.5%和6.5%。
此外,11月鐵礦石港口庫存由增轉降也給市場帶來了信心提振。根據Mysteel數據顯示,11月27日,45港進口礦庫存為12605.40萬噸,較上週下降146萬噸。日均疏港量321.33萬噸,環比下降1萬噸。目前在港船隻亦減少18條至111條。
另一方面,鐵礦石供給端呈現小幅收窄趨勢,2020年1-10月全國鐵礦石累計產量為71450.6萬噸,累計同比增長1.9%,環比下降0.7個百分點,已連續4個月出現下降情況。
由於我國鐵礦石需求仍依賴於海外進口,尤其是來源於巴西、澳大利亞、印度。短期內,受到海外澳巴港口檢修的影響,11月份,巴澳兩國發運處於中性偏低水平。
此外,巴西淡水河谷12月3日宣佈下調2020年鐵礦石產量,預計今年鐵礦石的產量將在3億至3.05億噸之間,而此前的目標是3.1億噸;中國與澳大利亞之間的緊張關係引發市場對其供應擔憂;印度在上調鐵礦石價格之後還公開向外界發出了"斷供威脅",考慮重新開始禁止鐵礦石出口,都進一步增加了鐵礦石價格壓力。
儘管監管開始嚴打鐵礦石交易,短期內或對鐵礦石期貨交易造成一定影響,但鑑於基本面情況,市場仍對其抱有樂觀預期。
永達期貨認為,市場對於明年一季度的鐵礦和鋼材市場都持看漲心態,疊加今年疫情後政府的刺激政策和內外部經濟形勢好轉復甦,需求恢復,鐵礦石料將易漲難跌,短期內並不會有明顯的價格調轉趨勢。
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