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下一個海天味業會在哪些調味品龍頭中誕生?
格隆匯 08-19 10:46

作者:逍遙

來源:市值觀察

19日,海天味業(603288.SH)盤中一度漲4.2%報164.98元,續創歷史新高價,最新總市值超5300億元。該股年內累漲83%;自今年3月19日的低點(76.16元)上漲至今,累漲116%。最新動態市盈率高達96倍。據悉,海天味業近日推出了首款海天牌火鍋底料。

【調味品是必選消費】

調味品作為食品飲料板塊的細分板塊,面對今年的疫情,出現逆勢增長。根據國家統計局數據,2020年1季度,調味品行業規模以上企業營業收入同比下降7%,但是1-5月同比增長6.9%,僅僅一季度疫情突如襲來對調味品影響較大,4月就開始回升,頑強程度可見一斑。

而行業龍頭海天味業一季度營收依然同比增長7.1%,淨利潤同比增長9.1%,千禾味業一季度營收同比大增23.6%,淨利潤大增39.3%。

很多人好奇,疫情來了,很多餐館都關門了,調味品怎麼這麼堅強呢?其實你細想一下,疫情來了,儘管去餐館就餐人數下降了,但飯總是要吃的,只不過家裏做飯而已,所以家庭端對調味品的需求正好對衝了餐館的損失。

【調味品的利潤很高】

就拿海天味業來説,2020年一季度的淨利率高達27%,千禾味業2020半年報顯示,淨利率也高達19.6%,涪陵榨菜一季度淨利率更是高達34.3%。除了白酒板塊,調味品的利潤率幾乎可以秒殺任何一個行業。

電子產品製造龍頭立訊精密淨利率6.21%,醫藥龍頭恆瑞醫藥淨利率23%,啤酒龍頭青島啤酒淨利率8.8%,水泥龍頭海螺水泥淨利率21.32% ,化學制品龍頭萬華化學淨利率9.7%。

對比之下,可以發現調味品利潤真的很高,這是為什麼?

根據我逛超市的經驗,調味品的價格彈性很低,也就是説,不會因為漲了兩三塊錢,就賣不動了。比如榨菜,可能幾年前只要5毛錢一包,但是它悄悄把價格漲到兩三塊,你也不會覺得很貴,但是對企業來説,這可是好幾倍的漲幅。

另外,經常逛超市的朋友不難發現,其實這幾年調味品基本都在悄悄漲價。就拿醋和醬油來説,以前的印象是三五塊一瓶,現在便宜的都要10塊8塊,老乾媽以前只要10塊左右,前幾天我去超市一看15一瓶。

但是沒辦法,該吃還得吃,這就是調味品利潤高的原因。

【調味品頭部企業】

海天味業:海天味業強者恆強,公司利用規模優勢,進一步佔領市場,預計2020上半年營收依然是兩位數增長。公司加大新渠道的開發,主要思想就是“搶佔先機,主動作為”,針對KA/BC渠道大規模開展“貨折+渠道尾隨費用+返點”的組合拳,效果明顯。

千禾味業:公司主要產品是醬油和醋,定位是比較高端的家庭端,疊加疫情的影響,上半年業績爆炸,營收同比增長34.5%,淨利潤同比增長79.8%。8月17日漲停,創出歷史新高38.5元,年內漲幅高達155%。另外公司年產25萬噸醬油和醋的擴建項目第二期預計2021年年中完工,成長可期。

中炬高新:擁有廚邦、美味鮮兩大品牌,定位中高端,預計2020上半年營收也是兩位數增長。

恆順醋業:醋類調味品扛把子,唯一A股上市老字號醋業公司,2020半年報顯示,營收淨利潤雙增長,營收同比增長7.3%,淨利潤同比增長3.6%。

涪陵榨菜:榨菜界的一哥,一直靠賣榨菜悄悄賺錢,如今也已經309億市值,預計2020半年報營收和淨利潤依然是兩位數增長。

總結來看,調味品其實是一個悄悄賺錢的行業,作為必選消費具有剛性需求。受疫情影響,頭部企業通過降價促銷以保持營收的提升,而小企業的價格優勢和生存空間被擠壓,又加速推出的趨勢,市場份額進一步被頭部企業佔據,行業集中逐漸提升。未來,頭部企業通過規模效應,逐漸提升產品的議價能力來實現盈利能力的增強,帶動業績增長。

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