《大行》瑞銀:全球第二大銅礦印尼Grasberg礦難停產 料明年全球銅供需缺口擴大 行業看好紫金等
美國礦業巨擘Freeport-McMoRan(FCX.US)(下稱FCX)宣佈,旗下印尼Grasberg礦場(全球第二大銅礦)的合約供應觸發不可抗力條款,並指第三季度銅和黃金綜合銷售預計將下降。隔晚(24日)倫敦金屬交易所銅價在上漲逾3%,升至逾15個月高位。本港上市銅礦股今日(25日)造好。藍籌紫金礦業(02899.HK)上揚5.7%報31.32元、洛陽鉬業(03993.HK)彈高13.7%、江銅(00358.HK)揚8.2%及五礦資源(01208.HK)搶高9.8%。
瑞銀髮表報告表示,FCX因今年9月8日印尼Grasberg礦區(全球第二大銅礦)地下出現礦難(大量溼泥涌入礦洞且擴散至多層工作面)宣佈暫時停產,FCX對今明兩年銅產量降幅預測比市場預期更大,這將加劇2026年全球銅市場預期的供給缺口,該行重申對銅價樂觀展望。
FCX提到,約80萬噸溼物料突然涌入礦井,並快速向下流入多個作業層,Grasberg block cave(GBC)區域原本預計貢獻Grasberg礦山2029年前的70%銅及黃金產量。本次事故發生於GBC五個開採分區之一,但導致其他GBC生產區的基礎設施也受損。FCX初步評估,多間生產將延後,預計2025年第四季僅少量產出和銷售;計劃分階段於2026年重啓及逐步恢復生產,初步估計礦山銅產量將較此前指引下調約35%。Grasberg預計2027年才能恢復至事故前估算產能。
瑞銀指,Grasberg指引下調(約20萬噸)再疊加今年Kamoa Kakula與El Teniente礦山事故,以及祕魯示威等因素,將進一步加劇短期礦山供應風險。該行原先預測2026年全球礦山供應增長約2%(50萬噸),並已計入約5%的供應幹擾;如今因應Grasberg指引調整後,2026年礦山供應增長將降至約1%(低於25萬噸)。
過去2至3年,精煉銅供應增長持續超出礦山供應成長,導致銅精礦和廢銅市場趨緊,但同時推遲了精煉市場的緊張狀況,也因此抑制了銅價長期突破每噸1萬美元的漲勢。該行認爲Grasberg礦山停產將加劇2026年精煉銅供應壓力,預計當年增長率將低於1%。
2026年銅精煉供應預測下調,將擴大精煉市場的供給缺口。雖然與關稅相關的宏觀不確定性及市場波動持續,中國銅需求仍展現韌性,電網與儲能需求強勁,彌補了太陽能與家電需求在下半年的放緩。展望未來,拖累銅需求的部分行業(包括中國房地產)下行風險有限,能源轉型帶動的需求增長強勁,而「傳統終端行業」需求在補庫存支持下有機會回穩。瑞銀預期2026年精煉銅需求增長約3%,但精煉銅供應增長將低於1%,這將導致市場陷入供給缺口,可見庫存持續下降,支撐銅價維持上行趨勢。
瑞銀表示,礦股重點推薦Anglo American(NGLOY.US)、Teck Resources(TECK.US)、Antofagasta plc (ANTO.L)及紫金礦業(02899.HK)。
該行亦列出全球2025年精煉銅總產量(Total Refined Production)預測爲2,785.3萬噸、2025年精煉銅總需求量(Refined Demand)爲2,758.6萬噸,即今年預測供需平衡差(Balance)爲26.7萬噸,但料全球2026年精煉銅總產量預測爲2,806.2萬噸、2026年精煉銅總需求量爲2,848.2萬噸,即明年預測供需平衡差爲負42.1萬噸,並估計2027年及2029年全球精煉銅預測供需平衡差分別爲負51萬噸、負75.6萬噸及負122.4萬噸。
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