上海蓋世汽車研究院:內地汽車去年產能利用率僅五成
內地汽車價格戰持續下,《彭博》引述總部位於上海的蓋世汽車研究院統計指,中國汽車每年產能高達5,550萬輛,但去年的產能利用率僅爲49.5%,意味着中國汽車行業仍有超過一半的產能閒置。
數據顯示,原本由一汽解放(000800.SZ)投資、早年與日本萬事得(7261.JP)合資成立的海馬汽車,去年產能利用率僅爲1.5%。隸屬於東風、專攻高端電動越野車的猛士汽車科技公司,去年產能利用率僅爲1.9%。
報道稱,產能嚴重過剩意味着價格戰將難以降溫。車企爲爭奪有限的市場份額持續壓低售價,進一步壓縮利潤空間,同時也加劇了行業整合壓力,不少中小企業面臨被淘汰或併購的風險。汽車諮詢公司JSC Automotive總經理Jochen Siebert表示,只要產能利用率達50%,就無法在正常市場上結束價格戰,這種情況在歐洲會導致工廠關門,但在中國,監於國家和地方政府的利益不一致,情況將更復雜。
因應上述情況,中國政府已開始出手幹預,本月初點名批評汽車行業陷入「惡性競爭」,並召集主要車企高層在北京開會。
報道續提及,在市場另一端,龍頭企業的產能利用率則明顯較高。比亞迪(01211.HK)去年產能利用率達82.1%,並持續擴張海內外工廠,成爲目前價格戰中最具攻勢的車企之一。該車企今年5月底宣佈對旗下22款電動車與插電式混動車降價最高達34%,優惠將持續至6月底。
此外,部分具備競爭力的龍頭企業正接近滿負荷運轉,這得益於強勁的國內需求與龐大的出口規模,特斯拉(TSLA.US)上海工廠去年產能利用率高達96.1%。
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