關稅衝擊“遲到”?美國5月核心CPI同比增長2.8%,低於預期
今晚,美國勞工局公佈了最新的通脹數據,雖然特朗普的貿易戰加劇了價格壓力,但5月的通脹率依然低於預期。
美國5月CPI同比增長2.4%,預估爲2.5%,前值爲2.3%;環比增長0.1%,預估爲0.2%,前值爲0.2%。

美國5月核心CPI同比增長2.8%,預估爲2.9%,前值爲2.8%;環比增長0.1%,預估爲0.3%,前值爲0.2%。

受此影響,美元指數短線下跌約20點,現報98.76。美股期貨短線拉昇,三大股指期貨均轉漲,納斯達克100指數期貨漲0.4%。美國10年期國債收益率短線下跌,現報4.501%。現貨黃金短線拉昇,現報3348.32美元/盎司。

具體來看,能源和服務價格持續疲軟抵消了部分漲幅,而其他一些原本預計會因關稅上漲的關鍵商品,實際上卻出現了下降,尤其是汽車和服裝價格。
其中,新車和二手車價格分別下降0.3%、0.5%。服裝價格環比下降0.4%。
能源價格環比下降1%,汽油價格環比下降2.6%,同比下降12%。
食品價格環比上漲0.3%。雞蛋價格環比下跌2.7%,但仍比去年同期上漲41.5%。
儘管住房價格環比上漲0.3%,但3.9%的年率是自2021年末以來的最低水平。美國勞工統計局稱,住房價格是CPI漲幅溫和的“主要因素”。

市場加大年內降息2次的押注
分析來看,美國的大多數零售商都在關稅生效前囤積了商品,通脹對特朗普的全面關稅反應遲緩。
不過,經濟學家預計,通脹將在今年下半年升溫。
對於這份通脹數據,分析師Anstey指出,美國核心CPI 0.1%的增長實際上表明通脹較上月有所放緩。對於經濟學家來說,這是一個很大的意外,他們認爲,到5月,關稅上調將導致更大的價格上漲。
高盛的Alexandra Wilson-Elizondo表示:“5月通脹率低於預期,這表明關稅並未產生顯著的短期影響,因爲企業一直在利用現有庫存,或由於需求不確定而緩慢調整價格。雖然後期商品價格可能會有所上漲,但預計服務價格將保持穩定,這表明通脹上升可能只是暫時的。”
信安資產管理公司首席全球策略師Seema Shah表示:“今天低於預期的通脹數據令人放心,但只是在一定程度上的放心。關稅引發的價格上漲可能還需要幾個月的時間纔會體現到CPI數據中,因此現在就斷言不會出現通脹衝擊還爲時過早。”
通脹數據發佈後,利率期貨顯示,市場對美聯儲年底前降息兩次的押注有所增加。
BMO資本市場的Ian Lyngen認爲,這份CPI報告確實“略微”支持了美聯儲官員們對降息的預測。此前3月,他們預計2025年將降息50個基點。
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