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公募新規下對港股配置影響幾何?
格隆匯 05-15 10:50

一季度公募基金猛加倉港股,新規下有投資者擔憂,部分資金由於超配需要再平衡港股倉位?

5月7日,中國證監會發布《推動公募基金高質量發展行動方案》,提出25條改革舉措。其中對市場影響較大的規定:

1.推動浮動管理費率改革。即持有期間產品實際業績表現符合同期業績比較基準的,適用基準檔費率;明顯低於同期業績比較基準的,適用低檔費率;顯著超越同期業績比較基準的,適用升檔費率。

2. 調整基金經理考核機制。一方面是逐步更側重於長週期考核(三年以上業績權重不低於80%);另一方面,薪酬與業績直接掛鈎——若基金三年以上業績低於基準超10個百分點,基金經理績效薪酬將明顯下降。

招商證券認為,強化業績比較基準的約束作用後,公募基金的整體行業配置與基準指數的行業分佈差異可能在中長期縮小。

根據華泰證券統計數據顯示,從全部公募基金來看,截至2025年一季度,國內共有2875只公募基金持有港股,所持港股規模共計8592億港幣,佔南向資金總持倉規模18.7%,佔港股自由流通市值3.7%。

這些公募基金可以被分為兩類,專門投資港股的基金,以及(至少)同時投資港股和A股的基金。

對於本身只以港股為投資目標的基金,被動基金的規模佔比超過90%,改革方案對其影響不大。專注投資港股的公募基金現共114只,港股持倉規模1615億,佔現存持有港股的公募基金總港股持倉規模的18.8%,佔港股自由流通市值的0.7%。其中,主動管理的港股基金規模不足150億,對個股超配和低配影響不大。

如果存在減倉行為,壓力也更多來自同時以A股和港股為基準,甚至是隻有A股基準但同樣投資了港股的基金,這部分基金相對基準超配港股的比例為5.9%,但僅佔港股自由流通市值約0.5%。

華泰證券篩選出跟蹤恒生指數和中證港股通指數的基金作為樣本,這些基金的港股持倉總規模約4000餘億港幣,涵蓋了同時投資了A股和港股基金的70%以上規模,具有一定代表性,自下而上計算得到該部分基金對港股持倉的佔比高於基準共1053億。

行業層面,港股傳媒、電子、商貿零售板塊超配,銀行、非銀金融、交通運輸板塊存在低配情況。

華泰證券認為,技術性減倉不改變對港股市場積極觀點。即便可能出現以上減持壓力,對港股市場依然保持樂觀。港股市場的特點之一就是投資者結構分散且多元化,非基本面因素造成的技術性調整反而給投資者提供了價值修復的參與機會。更何況,若考慮到公募基金對超額收益的訴求增加,將港股加入組合可能是一個非常重要的選項。華泰證券測算,無論是將恒生港股通指數還是恒生科技指數加入滬深300配置組合,都可能獲得比單純配置滬深300指數更好的風險收益比。

對於當下港股,交銀國際認為,內外形勢迎積極改善,港股有望迎來正面催化,仍聚焦三條主線:1)繼續看好科技創新主線,包括科技硬件(半導體、新能源汽車產業鏈等)、互聯網科技(人工智能、雲計算等領域),有望受益於政策支持和需求增長雙重驅動。2)高股息主線:在外部不確定性仍相對較高,以及流動性寬鬆和低利率環境下,高股息吸引力將繼續提升,關注銀行、公用事業和電信運營商。3)政策紅利主線:降準、降息環境下,券商、保險等金融服務機構將直接受益於市場活躍度提升和風險偏好回升,以及有望受益於消費支持政策持續落地的港股優質消費龍頭。

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