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“特朗普衰退”衝擊?美聯儲最愛通脹指標反彈,市場仍押注7月降息?

週五,美聯儲青睞的通脹指標——2月核心PCE數據出爐。

美國2月核心PCE物價指數同比增長2.8%環比增長0.4%,均高於市場預期和前值。

值得一提的是,這也是特朗普對等關税宣佈前的最後一份通脹數據。

在數據公佈後,美股三大股指今日開盤大幅下跌,美元也震盪走低,黃金拉昇

通脹有升温趨勢

美國商務部公佈數據顯示,美國2月PCE物價指數同比上升2.5%,環比上升0.3%,均持平預期和前值。

剔除價格波動較大的食品和能源,2月核心PCE物價指數同比增長2.8%2024年12月以來新高,高於市場預期的2.7%以及前值2.6%。

2月核心PCE物價指數環比增長0.4%2024年1月以來新高,同樣高於預期的0.3%,前值為0.3%。

個人消費支出不及預期。美國2月個人支出月率錄得0.4%,不及預期的0.5%,前值-0.20%。

個人收入環比增長0.8%,為 2024 年 1 月以來的最大增幅,超過個人支出0.4%的增幅。

RenaissanceMacro分析指出,美國消費者對價格上升的反應存在滯後性。2月份的個人收入和支出報吿揭示了核心通脹的加劇,儘管如此,實際消費表現依舊疲軟。

押注7月降息?

上任兩個月,“特朗普衰退”衝擊全球。

眼下,美國通脹持續頑固,消費者信心指數極速驟減,這對美國經濟而言是一個“壞消息”

市場甚至預期,美國經濟今年第一季度經濟將出現萎縮,增速可能會放緩至2%以下。

如果美國經濟加速下行,那麼美聯儲將不得不重啟降息,並加快降息步伐。

上週,美聯儲如期按兵不動。鮑威會後多次提及“不確定”一詞,暗示經濟不確定性加劇,關税政策可能影響通脹預期。

他反覆強調,美聯儲無需急於調整政策立場,仍將耐心等待更清晰的市場信號。

在新的經濟展望中,美聯儲全線下調經濟增長預期2025至2027年底GDP增速預期中值分別為1.7%、1.8%、1.8%。

同時還上調了今明兩年通脹預期。美聯儲預期通脹率今年年底將為2.7%,然後在明年降至2.2%。

雖然美聯儲內部對適當的政策路徑存在重大分歧,但預期2025年將降息兩次,明年也降息兩次。

眼下,人們越來越擔憂特朗普關税政策可能會加劇通脹壓力。

稍早前,特朗普已經宣佈對所有進口汽車徵收25%關税,相關措施將於4月2日生效。

不過目前,市場降息押注未受影響預計年內會有兩次25個基點的降息,首次降息預計在7月。

摩根士丹利財富管理首席經濟策略師Ellen Zentner表示,看起來美聯儲的觀望政策還有更多等待要做。

高於預期的通脹數據並不是特別熱,但這不會加快美聯儲降息的時間表,尤其是考慮到關税的不確定性。”
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