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AI大模型助力自動駕駛技術迭代升級

本文來自格隆專欄:國泰君安證券研究 作者:吳曉飛

導  讀 

本文旨在闡述 AI 大模型在自動駕駛發展中的應用,並展望未來發展趨勢。AI 大模型的應用將加速高級別自動駕駛落地,帶來智能化零部件需求與新勢力估值提升。

 摘 要 

維持行業增持評級,AI加持下智能駕駛迭代有望提速,產業鏈迎來價值重估,部分整車企業更為受益。決策層推薦標的:德賽西威、科博達、均勝電子、華陽集團等,受益標的經緯恒潤等;執行層推薦標的:伯特利、拓普集團、星宇股份、華域汽車;感知層推薦標的:保隆科技,受益標的聯創電子、華依科技等;整車推薦標的:小鵬汽車、理想汽車、長安汽車、比亞迪、長城汽車等,受益標的蔚來汽車、賽力斯、江淮汽車。

由模塊化/小模型到端到端大模型。傳統自動駕駛算法以模塊化部署,功能實現依託眾多獨立小模型的堆疊,存在累積錯誤/任務協調不足/維護難度與成本高等問題。未來端到端自動駕駛大模型將實現對模塊化/小模型的替代,即可減少運算過程中的誤差累積,也可減少模型的優化難度與維護成本。

由基於規則的算法到基於BEV+Transformer的深度學習。基於規則的算法存在應變能力差,駕駛操作不熟練,學習成本高等缺點,因此僅通過規則算法實現等同於或高於人類駕駛員的自動駕駛行車體驗存在很大難度。基於BEV+Transformer結構的大模型是當前主流發展方向,可搭建出高準確率3D 感知模型,並具有很強的Corner case解決能力,同時,BEV+Transformer大模型還可賦能數據標註、長尾數據挖掘、仿生場景數據生成等工作。

智能駕駛的進一步進化:去高精地圖+佔用網路。未來自動駕駛技術去除高精地圖輔助將成為主流趨勢,核心解決方案為BEV結構的搭建和NPN網絡的應用。此外,未來也將有更多車企通過佔用網絡技術(Occupancy)進一步提升大模型泛化能力,進而使自動駕駛模型應對Corner case時更加得心應手。

風險提示:汽車智能化發展不及預期的風險;芯片短缺的風險;匯率與貿易摩擦的風險。

注:本文來自國泰君安證券於2023年7月19日發佈的《國君汽車 | AI大模型助力自動駕駛技術迭代升級》;報吿分析師:吳曉飛

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