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基於人口代紀變遷考察日本股市行業表現

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究 作者:崔嶸 李翀

中信證券基於行業、風格和人口代際變遷三大視角考察泡沫經濟破滅後日本股市表現。從行業表現看,醫藥、高端製造整體跑贏,順週期板塊仍存階段性行情;從風格上看,(中)大盤股、價值股領升大市;從人口代際變遷看,“團塊次代”和“寬鬆世代”進入社會後,股市基本反映經濟基本面和時代特點,除高端製造外,信息通信、批發及服務型消費、醫藥、及部分基建板塊領跑大市。

本文基於行業、風格、人口代際三個視角考察泡沫經濟破滅後日本股票市場的表現:

從行業表現看:醫藥、高端製造整體跑贏,順週期板塊仍存階段性行情

1)醫藥、高端製造等行業跑贏大市。在33個東證行業中,1990-2002年期間累計表現較好的TOP4板塊為:醫藥、精密儀器、運輸設備、電器。中信證券認為上升邏輯主要與1990年代後日本人口老齡化和製造業產業升級的宏觀趨勢吻合。

2)順週期板塊在經濟預期轉好下存在階段性行情。1991年土地價格下跌過程中,順週期板塊並非完全沒有機會。在經濟基本面及預期轉好特別是政策的催化下,地產等板塊存在階段性行情(1995年及2000年)。

3)金融板塊及採礦、鋼鐵傳統行業領跌。1990-2002年期間明顯跑輸大市的行業主要集中在銀行、證券、採礦、鋼鐵、農業等領域。中信證券認為這主要與日本房地產泡沫破裂對銀行金融體系、傳統基建板塊的衝擊以及產業結構調整有關。

從風格表現看:(中)大盤股、價值股領升大市

1)大中小盤風格方面:(中)大盤股在股市階段性反彈中的表現更好。

2)成長價值風格方面,價值股始終領跑成長股,這可能與經濟步入長期下行週期中價值股具備相對好的盈利和業績穩定性等因素相關。

從人口代際變遷表現看:高端製造、信息通信、醫藥和服務型消費領跑大市

泡沫經濟破滅後,日本經歷了“團塊次代”和“寬鬆世代”兩個世代。“團塊次代”面對嚴峻的就業形勢,更追求學歷,消費意願下降,追求實用性;而“寬鬆世代”在寬鬆教育下增加了對生活的熱情,重視自我實現,堅持工作與生活的平衡,消費觀念更加追求體驗感。兩個世代對信息產品的接受度高。

1)“團塊次代”步入社會後,日本股市走熊,消費板塊景氣度回落,不過高端製造全球佈局帶動精密儀器、電器製造、運輸設備行業行情,醫藥、保險板塊亦升幅居前。就製造業而言,日本瞄準第三次科技革命契機逐漸挺進基礎科學前沿方向和尖端領域,實現彎道超車。

2)“寬鬆世代”步入社會後,除高端製造外,信息通信、批發及服務型消費、醫藥及部分基建板塊領跑大市。中信證券分析認為,此階段“寬鬆世代”消費偏好或利好服務型消費板塊,此外日本政府增大建設投資額,或利好相關基建板塊。

資料來源:Bloomberg,Wind,中信證券研究部

注:本文節選自中信證券研究部已於2023年6月20日發佈的《資產跨歷史週期比較系列之六一基於人口代際變遷考察日本股市行業表現》報吿,分析師:崔嶸S1010517040001 ;李翀 S1010522100001

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