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結算備付金率調降,證券業再迎“定向降準”,券商ETF上升

4月7日,券商板塊上升。截止收盤,中金公司升超5%,東方證券升超3%,信達證券、華鑫股份、興業證券、首創證券等均升超2%,東方財富、魯信創投、中銀證券、中信建投等紛紛上升。

ETF方面,證券ETF華安、銀華券商ETF、易方達證券保險ETF、鵬華龍頭券商ETF、匯添富證券指數ETF、國聯安證券ETF 基金、富國證券龍頭ETF等均紛紛上升。

消息面上,4月7日,中國結算官網顯示,為順應中國資本市場發展需要,配合貨銀對付改革的落地實施,進一步提升市場資金使用效率和結算備付金精細化管理水平,中國結算擬正式啟動股票類業務最低結算備付金繳納比例差異化調降工作,具體為根據結算參與人的資金收付時點設定不同的繳納比例,其中結算參與人可自即日起,就託管業務向中國結算自主申報選擇適用差異化或固定最低結算備付金比例計收方式。

中國結算表示,在2022年4月已將股票類業務最低結算備付金繳納比例自18%調降至16%的基礎上,此次中國結算引入差異化最低結算備付金繳納比例機制,將實現股票類業務最低備付繳納比例由16%平均降至15%左右。

中國結算還表示,在中國證監會的統一部署下,中國結算將積極穩妥組織全市場開展相關準備工作,預計需要2個月準備時間。正式實施時間將另行通知。

股票類業務最低結算備付金繳納比例調降被視為證券業“定向降準”,將有助於鼓勵結算參與人及客户儘早完成資金交收,放鬆券商資金限制,緩解市場流動性壓力。

結算備付金是指監管要求券商按照上月客户資金交易情況存入銀行對應規模的結算備付金。最低結算備付金限額=上月證券買入金額/上月交易日曆天數×最低結算備付金比例。截止2022Q3上市券商結算備付金規模4110億元,此次下調備付金率,預計為行業釋放不高於200億元的流動資金。

目前市場上有多隻券商相關ETF,其中規模最大的是國泰中證全指證券公司ETF,規模高達315.68億元。該基金成立於2016年7月26日,是最早一批成立的券商ETF,該基金跟蹤中證全指證券公司指數。

中證全指證券公司指數成分股共49只,前十大重倉股中共有8家市值超千億的證券上市企業,包括東方財富、中信證券、海通證券、華泰證券、國泰君安等等。其中,東方財富和中信證券合計權重高達27.58%。

值得注意的是,相較於2022年4月的調降,本次調降1%所帶來的影響有限,更多是釋放了積極政策信號。

雖然下調備付金率可以起到活躍市場交易、提振市場信心的作用,但前提是市場交易量保持在一個較高的水平,在市場“人氣”相對較弱的情況下,這類優惠措施的實質作用則相對有限。而且此次下調僅1%,總體對於券商影響並不明顯,長遠來看,有助於進一步服務實體經濟健康發展。

此外,股票類業務最低結算備付金繳納比例的調降對一般投資者並沒有影響,其主要是有利於減少全市場資金佔用,提高資金使用效率,進一步釋放流動性。

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