世衛更新新冠疫苗指引 健康兒童和青少年或不再需要接種疫苗
隨著世界各國走向「與病毒共存」方向,世衛(WHO)更新對新冠疫苗指引,指健康的兒童及青少年或不再需要接種新冠疫苗。
WHO稱,疫情進入新階段,較年長人士及高風險群體,如較年輕長期病患者、免疫缺陷症患者、孕婦和前線衛生工作者,應在對上一次接種疫苗後的6至12個月接種加強劑。
中等優先使用人群包括50至60歲以下未患有合併症的健康成年人,以及患有合併症的兒童和青少年。專家組建議為該人群全程接種新冠疫苗並接種一劑加強針。
低優先使用人群包括年齡為6個月到17歲的健康兒童和青少年。對於該群體而言,全程接種疫苗以及加強針安全且有效。但是由於其疾病負擔較低,專家組敦促各國重新考慮是否為該群體接種疫苗,相關決定應當基於實際情況,如疾病負擔、成本效益、其他衛生或方案優先事項以及機會成本。
WHO免疫戰略諮詢專家組主席諾海涅克(Hanna Nohynek)表示,修訂後的路線圖再次強調了為風險人群接種疫苗的重要性。同時,各國應該根據實際情況來決定是否繼續為低風險人群接種疫苗,尤其是不能影響這些群體的常規疫苗接種。
專家組還提醒,已經制定額外加強針政策的國家應該基於國家疾病負擔、成本效益以及機會成本來評估不斷變化的接種需求。
此外,專家組還更新了有關二價新冠疫苗的建議,各國可以考慮使用針對Omicron亞譜系BA.5的二價信使核糖核酸(mRNA)疫苗作為基礎免疫疫苗。
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