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經濟不景氣壓制需求

蘋果(AAPL.US)、亞馬遜(AMZN.US)和Alphabet(GOOGL.US)三家科技巨頭週四美股盤後公佈的業績顯示出,經濟增長放緩正在抑制對電子產品、電子商務、雲計算和數字廣告的需求,而這些都是全球科技行業經濟的重要支柱。

受iPhone和Mac銷售低迷的拖累,蘋果2023財年第一財季(即2022年第四季度)的營收同比下降5.5%至1171.5億美元,不及市場預期的1211億美元;由於消費者對線上銷售的產品需求疲軟、以及一度蓬勃發展的雲計算業務增長放緩,亞馬遜的第四季度業績也難言令人滿意;在客戶減少了數字廣告投放的情況下,Alphabet的第四季度營收和利潤均遜於市場預期。

數據研究機構Counterpoint Research的高級分析師Harmeet Singh Walia在一份關於蘋果的報告中指出:“俄烏衝突、通脹壓力、經濟不確定性和宏觀經濟逆風導致2022年消費者信心疲軟,智能手機用戶減少了購買頻率。”

分析師Mandeep Singh表示,經濟走軟也影響了廣告和雲計算的商業需求,這在Alphabet的財報中表現得最明顯。“許多廣告商減少了在數字廣告上的支出。此外,儘管雲計算業務的增長率仍很高,但增速已開始下降。”

市場對這三家科技巨頭業績的態度在盤後股價中有所體現:亞馬遜跌5.10%,Alphabet跌4.59%,蘋果跌3.22%。以科技股爲主的納斯達克100指數期貨也走低,由Meta Platforms(META.US)在週四引領的漲勢可能將被逆轉。

不過,這三家科技巨頭均強調了他們正在努力應對經濟增長放緩的方式。Alphabet首席執行官Sundar Pichai在討論業績時將人工智能放在了首位,並表示該公司計劃改變報告某些人工智能業務活動的具體方式。Alphabet表示,從今年開始,專注於人工智能研究的DeepMind部門將被納入Alphabet的企業成本,以反映該技術如何被納入其他業務,而不是作爲“其他賭注”的一部分。Sundar Pichai在一份聲明中表示:“我爲我們即將在搜索及其他領域推出的人工智能驅動的飛躍感到興奮。”

蘋果上一季度業績疲軟部分是供應鏈限制的結果。不過,蘋果首席執行官庫克在財報電話會議上表示:“與11月相比,12月的門店客流量發生了顯著變化,需求也隨之變化。”他還表示。生產能力“現在已經回到了我們想要的水平”。

亞馬遜首席執行官Andy Jassy則專注於該公司削減成本的努力,扭轉了疫情期間帶來的電子商務繁榮導致的招聘和支出大幅增加的局面。Andy Jassy表示:“我認爲,我花時間和團隊在一起的首要任務,可能是降低運營網絡的服務成本。”值得一提的是,亞馬遜過去的一年一直致力於控制成本,公司暫停了倉庫的擴建、凍結了招聘計劃,並削減了一些實驗項目。

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