美聯儲拼命喊話2023年不降息,爲何市場就是不信?
評論指出,美聯儲有兩個問題,一是鮑威爾等幾任聯儲主席都淡化了聯儲決策者利率預期點陣圖的相關性,二是,事實證明,美聯儲2021年的預測有誤,沒能預計到2022年加息。
這可能是美聯儲最不想看到的一幕:聯儲官員明裏暗裏一個勁表示,不會在今年底之前降息,可市場就是不信。
直到美東時間1月11日週三,貨幣市場的定價還顯示,市場預期美聯儲2023年會讓政策利率達到約4.9%的高峯,然後,在2023年底以前,利率會回落將近50個基點。這和美聯儲官員最近一再傳遞的信號大相徑庭,他們認爲,政策利率要超過5%,而且全年都要保持這樣的高水平。
華爾街見聞最近不止一次提到,就算美聯儲官員發佈鷹派言論,市場也並沒有做出明顯的反應,還繼續走高。
上週三公佈的美聯儲12月會議紀要體現強烈的鷹派傾向,顯示聯儲決策者擔心市場太樂觀,認爲金融環境“不合理的放鬆”將讓聯儲更難以壓低通脹,警告利率可能比預料的高,會上無一人預計2023年適合降息。即使是這一被評估爲七個月來最鷹派的紀要,也只是讓美國股債短線下行,盤中很快反彈。最終,週三當天美股收漲,美債也價格上揚、收益率回落。
上週五公佈的美國非農就業報告顯示12月薪資增長超預期放緩,當天亞特蘭大聯儲主席博斯蒂克又稱,未因數據而改變看法,他仍預計美聯儲的政策利率會升到5%以上,然後在此水平持續較長時間;當天美聯儲理事庫克承認有通脹壓力減弱跡象,但強調通脹仍太高,認爲要警惕家庭和企業的通脹預期走高,那會增加通脹上行的壓力,稱通脹預期失控是重大擔憂。
即便如此,上週五美債收益率還是大幅下行,全周基準10年期美債收益率累計下降超過30個基點,創史上最佳開年表現。
爲什麼市場和美聯儲官員的期望背道而馳?媒體評論指出,美聯儲存在兩個問題,一是美聯儲主席鮑威爾和他的前任都淡化了聯儲決策者利率預期點陣圖的相關性,二是,事實證明,美聯儲2021年的預測有誤,沒能預計到2022年加息。
在金融市場從業36年的資深業內人士、Bannockburn Global的首席市場策略師Marc Chandler評論稱,
市場認爲美聯儲在做沒有劇本的表演,因爲他們(聯儲)以前的預測錯誤,而且他們過去一直在淡化這些預測的影響。投資者判斷,美國經濟正走向衰退,而美聯儲還沒有完全意識到這一點。
同樣從業數十年並幫助管理10億美元資產的Laffer Tengler Investments Inc.CEO兼首席投資官Nancy Tengler評論稱:
美聯儲經常在轉折點上犯錯。我記得很清楚的一件事是,2021年9月的點陣圖甚至沒有顯示美聯儲(的政策利率)要到2024年才能達到2%。
債市資深觀察人士Ed Yardeni認爲,美聯儲官員最近之所以變得更偏鷹派是因爲,投資者沒有聽取他們的警告。或許美聯儲官員應該聽一聽債市的聲音。
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