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機構:經濟短週期低點已過!政策面和資金面均積極
uSMART盈立智投 01-10 10:16

來源:招商宏觀靜思錄

核心觀點

防疫重心由“防感染”轉向“防重症”,疊加大城市感染率逐步達峯和更多“陽康”歸來,本週國內市場迎來開門紅。從高頻數據看,國內製造業繼續探底,服務業改善趨勢愈發明朗。此外,政策面與資金面均積極:地產保需求政策持續發力,資金面維持寬鬆狀態。12月經濟或小幅負增長、1月大概率反彈。總言之,中國經濟短週期底部已經探明、已過低點,節前權益延續反彈概率高。海外方面,美國就業數據指向樂觀預期,製造業/非製造業PMI相繼跌破榮枯線映射了衰退風險,數據分化是美聯儲內部意見分歧以及預期差加劇市場波動的主因,雖然最終將向經濟衰退方向收斂、但不排除美聯儲繼續加息、縮表再度引發市場波動。此外,我國防疫政策優化將提振亞洲整體經濟活躍度,但美國經濟衰退風險又將對出口鏈產生掣肘。

製造業和服務業冰火兩重天。1)非官方製造業PMI下降,服務業PMI反彈。12月財新中國製造業PMI錄得49,前值49.4,服務業PMI升至48,前值46.7。2)製造業高頻指標仍在底部波動。開工率指標邊際略有改善,但螺紋鋼、電爐、瀝青、玻璃等開工率指標環比依舊下滑,產量和產能利用率指標均延續下滑態勢。3)服務業高頻指標回暖。首先,12月最後一週全國電影票房收入超過6億元;其次,近三週國內民航航班數量較此前顯著增加,但城際交通未明顯改善;最後,伴隨大城市逐步度過感染率的高峯,近兩週一線城市地鐵客運量明顯增加,一二線城市擁堵延時指數也快速回升。4)出入境放開令恢復節奏存在不確定性。預計春節前國內經濟將維持製造業底部波動、服務業邊際改善的趨勢,但1月8日國內入境人員管控措施全面取消伴隨香港內地“通關”開啓,春節前需關注如有新一輪感染高峯出現,是否會影響服務業改善的趨勢。

政策面和資金面均積極。1)地產保需求政策持續發力。1月5日住建部部長表態精準支持住房消費,同日央行將臨時性房貸利率動態調整常態化。若按此機制調整,二三線城市將近半數城市入圍,一線城市還沒有入圍。1月5日深圳推廣二手房“帶押過戶”模式,廣東惠州、安徽六安等地公積金貸款額度上浮,我們推測後續保需求政策依舊可期,或將持續出臺至地產銷售改善爲止。2)資金面維持寬鬆狀態。本週各關鍵利率迴歸年前低位水平,流動性缺口亦在快速收斂。從央行操作看,本週淨回籠資金1.6萬億元,淨回籠量創單週歷史新高。在資金面超預期寬鬆的影響下,短端利率快速下行。

數據分化加劇美聯儲內部分歧,並引發海外市場波動。1)製造業與非製造業PMI相繼跌破榮枯線映射衰退風險。12月美國ISM製造業PMI錄得48.4,前值49.0;12月ISM非製造業PMI大幅降至枯榮線下方49.6,預期55.0,前值56.5。兩組數據加重硬着陸風險。2)美國就業數據仍具韌性。12月美國失業率降至3.5%,前值3.7%;12月勞動參與率回升至62.3%,前值62.2%;12月非農就業人數新增22.3萬人,前值26.3萬人。就業數據的增量信息偏中性,反映出美國勞動力市場的供需結構出現改善,其中有節日因素提振的原因。3)不同經濟數據分化是美聯儲內部意見分歧以及預期差加劇市場波動的主因。1月5日公佈的12月美聯儲議息會議紀要偏鷹,官員表示“通脹上行風險是重要因素”,並警告稱“公衆不應過度解讀FOMC放緩加息的舉措”,美股應聲下跌,但1月6日就業數據出爐後風險落地、美股大幅反彈。不同經濟數據分化加劇美聯儲內部分歧並引發市場波動,隨着製造業與非製造業PMI相對轉弱,企業部門招聘需求大概率會顯著下行,分化會趨於收斂。

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