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机构:经济短周期低点已过!政策面和资金面均积极

uSMART盈立智投 01-10 10:16

来源:招商宏观静思录

核心观点

防疫重心由“防感染”转向“防重症”,叠加大城市感染率逐步达峰和更多“阳康”归来,本周国内市场迎来开门红。从高频数据看,国内制造业继续探底,服务业改善趋势愈发明朗。此外,政策面与资金面均积极:地产保需求政策持续发力,资金面维持宽松状态。12月经济或小幅负增长、1月大概率反弹。总言之,中国经济短周期底部已经探明、已过低点,节前权益延续反弹概率高。海外方面,美国就业数据指向乐观预期,制造业/非制造业PMI相继跌破荣枯线映射了衰退风险,数据分化是美联储内部意见分歧以及预期差加剧市场波动的主因,虽然最终将向经济衰退方向收敛、但不排除美联储继续加息、缩表再度引发市场波动。此外,我国防疫政策优化将提振亚洲整体经济活跃度,但美国经济衰退风险又将对出口链产生掣肘。

制造业和服务业冰火两重天。1)非官方制造业PMI下降,服务业PMI反弹。12月财新中国制造业PMI录得49,前值49.4,服务业PMI升至48,前值46.7。2)制造业高频指标仍在底部波动。开工率指标边际略有改善,但螺纹钢、电炉、沥青、玻璃等开工率指标环比依旧下滑,产量和产能利用率指标均延续下滑态势。3)服务业高频指标回暖。首先,12月最后一周全国电影票房收入超过6亿元;其次,近三周国内民航航班数量较此前显著增加,但城际交通未明显改善;最后,伴随大城市逐步度过感染率的高峰,近两周一线城市地铁客运量明显增加,一二线城市拥堵延时指数也快速回升。4)出入境放开令恢复节奏存在不确定性。预计春节前国内经济将维持制造业底部波动、服务业边际改善的趋势,但1月8日国内入境人员管控措施全面取消伴随香港内地“通关”开启,春节前需关注如有新一轮感染高峰出现,是否会影响服务业改善的趋势。

政策面和资金面均积极。1)地产保需求政策持续发力。1月5日住建部部长表态精准支持住房消费,同日央行将临时性房贷利率动态调整常态化。若按此机制调整,二三线城市将近半数城市入围,一线城市还没有入围。1月5日深圳推广二手房“带押过户”模式,广东惠州、安徽六安等地公积金贷款额度上浮,我们推测后续保需求政策依旧可期,或将持续出台至地产销售改善为止。2)资金面维持宽松状态。本周各关键利率回归年前低位水平,流动性缺口亦在快速收敛。从央行操作看,本周净回笼资金1.6万亿元,净回笼量创单周历史新高。在资金面超预期宽松的影响下,短端利率快速下行。

数据分化加剧美联储内部分歧,并引发海外市场波动。1)制造业与非制造业PMI相继跌破荣枯线映射衰退风险。12月美国ISM制造业PMI录得48.4,前值49.0;12月ISM非制造业PMI大幅降至枯荣线下方49.6,预期55.0,前值56.5。两组数据加重硬着陆风险。2)美国就业数据仍具韧性。12月美国失业率降至3.5%,前值3.7%;12月劳动参与率回升至62.3%,前值62.2%;12月非农就业人数新增22.3万人,前值26.3万人。就业数据的增量信息偏中性,反映出美国劳动力市场的供需结构出现改善,其中有节日因素提振的原因。3)不同经济数据分化是美联储内部意见分歧以及预期差加剧市场波动的主因。1月5日公布的12月美联储议息会议纪要偏鹰,官员表示“通胀上行风险是重要因素”,并警告称“公众不应过度解读FOMC放缓加息的举措”,美股应声下跌,但1月6日就业数据出炉后风险落地、美股大幅反弹。不同经济数据分化加剧美联储内部分歧并引发市场波动,随着制造业与非制造业PMI相对转弱,企业部门招聘需求大概率会显著下行,分化会趋于收敛。

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