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捍衞收益率曲線目標!日本央行宣佈購買更多國債
格隆匯 12-29 16:30

為捍衞收益率曲線目標,今日,日本央行提出,以固定收益率購買無限量的2年期和5年期債券,以及6000億日元(45億美元)的1至10年期債券。

不斷加碼購買國債説明了日本政策制定者面臨的難題。本月,日本央行將10年期國債收益率上限提高了一倍,以幫助改善市場運行,但這隻會促使更多人押注央行將進一步提高上限或完全取消上限。

BlueBay資產管理公司和施羅德公司的基金經理表示,他們增加了日本債券的空頭頭寸,一些基金還買入日元。

新加坡華僑銀行策略師Christopher Wong表示:“市場將繼續測試日本央行的極限。YCC的調整可能只是未來更多改變的開始。”

消息發佈後,20年期收益率一度上升5個基點至1.32%。

日元上漲0.5%,美元兑日元現報133.7。

可能推出寬鬆貨幣政策?

12月20日,日本央行宣佈,政策利率繼續維持在-0.1%不變,維持10年期日本國債收益率目標在0%左右。同時,日本央行將收益率目標上限從0.25%上調至0.5%左右;將1-3月日本國債購買規模提高至9萬億日元/月。

儘管政策利率維持不變,但目標收益率波動區間卻擴大了,市場都在猜測日本央行接下來是否會進行貨幣政策轉向。

今年以來,由於飽受高通脹之苦,歐美多個國家採取收緊貨幣政策的手段抑制通脹,而日本央行堅持採取寬鬆的貨幣政策。

法國農業信貸銀行駐東京全球市場部高級顧問齊藤裕二表示,日本央行可能會在1月份修改收益率曲線控制。

他表示,日本央行可能將收益率上限提高至0.75%,或將目標期限改為五年期債券。

當前,日本央行進行兩種債券購買操作,一種是固定收益,另一種是定額。前者以預定的收益率購買無限數量的債務,而後者以現行市場收益率購買固定數量的債券。

這些特別操作推動日本央行12月的購債規模達到約16萬億日元,接近6月份創下的月度紀錄。

隨着日本央行計劃在第一季度將計劃債券購買量增加23%,這一數額可能會進一步膨脹。日本的核心通脹指數也正在以40年來最快的速度攀升,這給央行帶來了進一步的壓力。

中金公司研報指出,通脹上升給日本央行帶來壓力,如若吸取歐美“前車之鑑”,日本通脹問題或也不應小視。雖然日本央行調整收益率曲線不代表政策轉向,但向前看,不排除日本通脹上行倒逼日央行於2023年退出寬鬆。

與此同時,日本央行更大規模、更頻繁地出現在國債市場上,有可能損害市場流動性,進一步扭曲收益率曲線,這與日本央行行長黑田東彥提出的讓收益率曲線控制計劃更具可持續性的目標背道而馳。

三菱UFJ摩根士丹利證券公司駐東京的債券策略師Keisuke Tsuruta認為,當日本央行試圖解決一件事時,另一件事就會動搖。市場參與者一直覺得收益率曲線控制已接近極限,但央行並不承認。

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