日本央行震驚投資者,大量資金逃離美國國債ETF
12月20日,日本央行出人意料的“轉向”,宣佈將收益率曲線(YCC)目標區間上限從之前的0.25%的上調至0.5%左右,給全球金融市場產生了巨大的“衝擊波”。
數據顯示,當天,280億美元的$20年期以上美國國債-iShares(TLT.US)$中有近12億美元流出,成爲今年1月以來最大的單日資金流出。

同時,$美國10年期國債收益率(US10Y.BD)$上破3.6%,收復11月30日以來過半跌幅。30年期長債收益率也至月內最高。媒體分析指出,日本投資者是美國國債的最大海外持有者,因此日本央行的轉向無疑會在美國國債市場引起反響。

12月21日週三,日本兩年期國債收益率自2015年以來首次攀升至正值,分析指出,部分原因是因爲不少交易員認爲日本經濟即將步入“正常”的軌道。
投資銀行Academy Securities的分析師Peter Tchir表示,考慮到日本國債的收益率提高,這或將意味着購買美國國債的日本投資者將日益減少,引發了資金突然的外流,Tchir解釋道:
日本投資者是以非日元計價債券的大買家,因此,隨着外匯對衝的減少,日本持有人將出售美元債券。我對此並不過分擔心,但以這些收益率來看,現在是獲利了結的正確時機。
但牛津經濟研究院研究認爲,日本央行政策轉向與拋售美債或許並沒有直接聯繫。該機構表示,政策轉向帶來的貨幣波動性飆升可能會使外匯對衝變得更加昂貴;而美國國債收益率已經與日本國債收益率一起上漲,因此貨幣調整後的收益率差異與之前幾乎相同。
不管黑田東彥如何在會上強調對YCC的調整並非加息,並非轉向寬鬆,讓市場不要會錯意,但不少投資者和經濟學家都認爲此舉可能已經爲2023年日本的加息之路打開了大門。
高盛日本首席經濟學家馬場直彥(Naohiko Baba)在給客戶的一份報告中指出,隨着日本央行開始了第一步行動,接下來該行可能會放棄負利率政策,以加強對收益率曲線控制的可持續性。
三菱的Kobayashi表示,自2016年9月推出YCC以來,它一直在扭曲市場,日本央行將對其的調整解釋爲使其變得可持續,這並不合理。他說:
更有可能的因素是政治壓力,以及希望在美聯儲開始降息之前採取行動,日本央行可能希望在日元沒有走軟的時候採取行動。
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