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710億元!央行連續開展較大規模逆回購操作,當日實現淨投放630億
格隆匯 11-16 11:09

人民銀行11月16日公吿稱,為維護銀行體系流動性合理充裕,2022年11月16日人民銀行以利率招標方式開展了710億元7天逆回購操作,中標利率為2.00%。具體情況如下:

由於今日有80億元逆回購到期,人民銀行今日公開市場實現淨投放630億元。

分析人士認為,人民銀行近期的操作,兼顧了中長期和短期流動性供需平衡,並強化了定向和結構性支持。民生銀行首席經濟學家温彬表示,本次公開市場操作的精細化水平進一步提升,達到了維護流動性合理充裕、防止資金繼續淤積和空轉套利、以結構性領域發力拉動經濟企穩回升,以及兼顧內外平衡的多重目的。

昨日,短端利率全線上行。上海銀行間同業拆放利率(Shibor)隔夜上行20.7個基點,報1.853%。7天Shibor上行8.3個基點,報1.929%。從回購利率表現看,DR007加權平均利率上升至1.9429%,低於政策利率水平。上交所1天國債逆回購利率(GC001)上升至2.14%。

針對11月到期MLF,央行認為通過大部分續作加結構性貨幣政策投放,已經滿足了金融機構中長期流動性的需求。

11月15日,央行公吿稱,為對沖税期高峯等因素的影響,維護銀行體系流動性合理充裕,當日央行公開市場開展8500億元1年期MLF和1720億元7天期逆回購操作,中標利率分別為2.75%、2.0%。同時,11月15日有20億7天期逆回購和10000億12月期中期借貸便利到期,市場淨投放量200億元。因此央行此次MLF操作為小幅縮量平價續作。

不過,央行表示,11月份以來人民銀行已通過抵押補充貸款(PSL)、科技創新再貸款等工具投放中長期流動性3200億元,中長期流動性投放總量已高於本月MLF到期量。

天風證券孫彬彬認為,這裏的關鍵點在於央行一系列結構性貨幣政策工具的投放起到了提供基礎貨幣的作用,部分替代了MLF,甚至是降準。

中金公司分析稱,結合當前資金面供需關係看,此次縮量續作可能與9月類似,均是受機構本身對人民銀行資金支持需求減少所致,而非人民銀行主動收緊。首先,從流動性投放總量看,雖然MLF縮量續作,但考慮到PSL、各類再貸款工具等,人民銀行向銀行體系釋放的流動性總量有增無減,而且在結構上向中長期限工具傾斜,有利於降低資金面的波動性。

資金利率為何收斂?

天風證券分析認為,從技術層面看,一方面8月財政留抵退税基本結束,且9月開始政府債發行提速,央行資產負債表中的政府存款環比增量開始處於季節性較高水平,擠出銀行間流動性。

另一方面,信用狀況弱修復,但央行並未降準,而是在連續縮量續作MLF的同時加大結構性貨幣政策運用,這就意味着央行向銀行間投放的流動性邊際成本高於當前資金利率水平。

此外,結構性貨幣政策工具“先貸後借”,部分工具按季發放,包括普惠小微貸款支持工具、碳減排支持工具、科技創新再貸款、普惠養老專項再貸款、交通物流專項再貸款,因此商業銀行“貸”、“借”之間存在時間差,也可能導致流動性波動。

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