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美國8月通脹數據前瞻:預期通脹見頂 市場定價加息75基點

9月議息會議前的最後一次通脹數據將於今晚發佈。今晚20:30,美國勞工部將公佈8月CPI、核心CPI。

因為美聯儲將在9月20日-21日進行美聯儲利率決議、新聞發佈會、點陣圖以及經濟預測。今日將發佈的數據會對貨幣政策產生影響,非常關鍵。

預期通脹見頂

截至目前,華爾街各大行對CPI年率預測如下:瑞信 7.9%;摩根士丹利 7.9%;富國銀行 7.9%;高盛 8%;加拿大帝國商業銀行 8%;傑富瑞 8%;渣打 8%;Visa 8%;野村 8%;花旗 8%;摩根大通 8.1%;加拿大豐業銀行 8.1%;美國銀行 8.2%;匯豐 8.2%;蒙特利爾銀行 8.3%。

此外,彭博經濟學家預期,美國8月CPI同比上漲8.1%,低於前值的8.5%,環比下降0.1%,前值為0%,為連續兩個月放緩;8月核心CPI同比上漲6.1%,高於前值的5.9%,環比上漲0.3%,持平前值。

環比上,人們普遍認為上月的核心通脹率環比上升0.3%,與7月持平。

摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)一位經濟學家在報吿中指出,8月份整體CPI環比可能轉為負值。該行的預測值為-0.23%,而市場普遍預期為-0.1%。這位經濟學家吿訴客户,與6月份相比,8月份的CPI報吿可能會被證明是一個“急劇轉變”。這位經濟學家預計,核心通脹率同比將達到6.1%,並預計將在本月達到峯值。

另據紐聯儲(New York Fed)週一的月度消費者預期調查顯示,,8月美國人的未來一年通脹預期從前值6.2%降至5.7%,創去年10月來新低。

加息75基點?

儘管通脹數據存在見頂的跡象,但美聯儲的貨幣政策9月份可能還不會轉向。目前,美聯儲官員處於會議前靜默期,但靜默期前,多位官員的發言顯示,美聯儲9月大概率加息75基點。

美聯儲主席鮑威爾最新講話表示,美聯儲需要在通脹問題上採取果斷有力的行動。需要繼續前進,直到抗擊通脹大功吿成。

市場也已對美聯儲9月加息75基點基本定價,掉期顯示9月加息概率為88%。

歐央行加息力度空前

與此同時,上週,歐洲央行加息75個基點,緊縮幅度空前。得益於此,歐元在平價之上得到了喘息。展望未來的貨幣政策,歐洲央行管理委員會成員Edward Scicluna表示,未來的加息幅度可能會小於上週的75個基點。

Scicluna表示,“這不會是唯一一次加息,還會有幾次。”另據瞭解央行內部討論情況的知情人士,如果通脹前景顯示有理由進一步大舉行動,官員們準備在10月的會議上再次大幅度加息。

此外,歐洲央行執委施納貝爾也預計,要讓通脹及時回到目標水平,還需要加息。

市場、歐央行貨幣政策以及美聯儲官員此前透露出的信息,都能看出9月加息75bp已經是大概率事件了,而且鮑威爾一般不會逆市場預期行動,7月議息會議前,市場普遍預期加息75基點,美聯儲也是如期加息75基點。

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