《回顧》恆指2022年上半年累跌1,537點或6.6% 恆生科指累挫逾14%
受內地收緊科網監管及美國加快「收水」憂慮下,恆指及恆生科指於2021年各累跌逾14%及32%後,港股今年開局表現雖佳,但2月後受到一系列內部(本港疫情)及外部意外衝擊,俄烏戰事令油價等商品價格走高(布蘭特油價由去年年底每桶逾79美元,於今年以來累漲逾46%至每桶逾116美元)、美國及全球通脹急升,令美國2月通脹年率7.9%創四十年高,而美聯儲局於3月中加息25基點,為自2018年以來(四年來)首次加息,並於5月初及6月中各再加息50基點及75基點。
市場關注美國通脹高企,美6月初公布5月通脹8.6%再創逾40年新高,投資者擔心美國要走出高通脹及同時避免經濟衰退有難度,在美國加快加息預期下,美匯指數今年以來累升逾9%(待更新),資金流出股市及亞洲區市場。本港2月新冠疫情明顯惡化、至3月初達高峰,各大銀行不少分行停業,隨疫情緩和後,港府自4月下旬分階段放寬社交距離措施。由於當局堅持「動態清零」,內地其後部份地區如上海亦受疫情影響曾「封城」,一度令製造業及及供應鏈受拖累,中央亦出台一籃子穩定經濟增長措施,並穩著市場信心。
港股於3月跌至低位後反彈,至6月跌幅略收窄。總結今年上半年,恆指累跌1,537點或6.6%,收21,859;國指累跌569點或6.9%,收7,666;恆生科指累跌800點或14.1%,收4,870。
【恆指年初開局佳 2月急轉直下】
由於港股去年明顯跑輸全球其他市場,年初南向資金流入驅動估值修復,表現曾領跑全球主要股市,恆指於2月10日曾高見25,050點今年以來最高位。但其後市場擔心當局針對互聯網平台監管舉措、香港本地爆發大規模的新冠疫情,兼且俄烏戰爭加深地緣政治及通脹的風險,疊加投資者對中概股在美退市的憂慮重燃,令避險情緒趨升。
歐美等國家其後陸續對俄羅斯實施制裁,國際油價攀升,環球股市反覆向下,恆指於2月累跌1,089點或4.6%,並於3月15日曾低見18,235點(較去年年底曾累跌5,162點或22.1%),曾創近十年低位,而恆指3月累跌716點或3.2%,恆生科指3月累跌560點或10.9%。而恆指今年首季累跌1,400點或6%、恆生科指首季累跌1,112點或19.6%。
【5月保經濟大盤 憧放鬆監管救市】
4月初內地公布修訂中概股企業財務審計規定,緩減市場對在美退市憂慮,恆指一度重返兩萬二關,但由於俄烏戰事持續、美國聯儲局對加息取態「轉鷹」以抑制通漲,在美匯強勢、及上海疫情反彈等多重夾擊,中國4月官方製造業PMI降至47.4連跌兩個月、中國4月規模以上工業生產更按年跌2.9%、4月社會消費品零售總額按年跌11.1%遠遜市場預期,港股走勢反覆向下及曾再度失守兩萬關。
至4月下旬中共中央政治局提出支持平台經濟,市場憧憬內地放鬆對平台經濟監管及中美就審計底稿現場檢查等事宜取得進展,支持科網股收復部份失地,中國5月官方製造業PMI回升至49.6,但仍連續第三個月萎縮,市場亦觀望內地樓市及內房融資能否改善。5月下旬國務院總召開全國穩住經濟大盤電視電話會議,其後印發紮實穩住經濟一攬子政策措施及33項細則出爐,包括財政及貨幣政策、穩投資促消費保就業,以部署穩住經濟大盤,確保今年經濟增長5.5%的目標,其中包括減免汽車購置稅等。市場憧憬內地經濟改善,恆指5月累升325點或1.5%。
由於美聯儲局自5月起進取加息,金管局自5月12日時隔3年再度入市承接15.86億港元沽盤,截至6月23日清晨,已累計14度接錢共逾1,042億港元。市場擔心美經濟有機會陷入衰退,美股回調下,恆指6月累升444點或2.1%、第二季累跌137點或0.6%。(ta/w/t)~
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