中信證券:鋰精礦拍賣價格大漲,鋰板塊反彈或提前
本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:敖翀、拜俊飛、商力
澳洲鋰精礦拍賣價格再度大漲表明鋰行業供需緊張的局面尚未緩解。礦價大漲使得國內鋰企業成本大幅抬升,鋰價或在年中止跌。鋰板塊當前突出的低估值優勢有望使其率先反彈。應優選鋰原料自給率高,後續業績增長持續性強的企業,推薦贛鋒鋰和鹽湖股份,建議關注天齊鋰業、永興材料和中礦資源。
根據財聯社報道,4月27日,澳大利亞鋰礦商Pilbara進行了2022年首次鋰精礦拍賣,拍賣成交價為5650美元/噸。對此我們點評如下。
鋰精礦價格快速上漲,表明行業供需緊張格局尚未緩解。
Pilbara去年10月第三次鋰精礦拍賣價格為2350美元/噸,本次拍賣價格上漲140%。拍賣價格的大幅上行表明鋰精礦市場仍然維持供不應求的高景氣局面。2022年以來,儘管澳大利亞的鋰礦商加快產能擴建和關停產能復產,但截至目前尚未形成有效產能增量。國內鋰鹽企業的產能擴張速度較快,對鋰礦原料的需求繼續提升。鋰礦供應緊張的局面預計將在2023年才能得到緩解。
國內鋰鹽企業成本逼近40萬元/噸,預計鋰價後續下跌空間有限。
根據本次拍賣價格計算,國內鋰鹽企業的生產成本已經達到38萬元/噸。根據另一家澳洲鋰礦商Allkem公佈的指引,其22Q2鋰精礦銷售價格為5000美元/噸,這表明國內第三方鋰鹽廠的成本將在三季度升至35萬元/噸以上。成本支撐下,yuji 國內鋰鹽價格下跌空間有限。我們預計下半年隨着消費端重拾漲勢,鋰價有望在2022年中止跌,全年價格中樞有望維持在40萬元/噸以上。
礦石價格漲勢超過鋰鹽,原料自給的重要性不斷提升。
2022年3月下旬以來,國內鋰鹽價格震盪下行,但鋰精礦價格大幅上漲。二季度預計澳大利亞進口鋰精礦價格環比漲幅將達到100%,鋰礦價格大漲以及鋰鹽價格企穩將使得國內第三方鋰鹽企業的盈利空間收窄。鋰原料自給率高的企業高盈利狀態則有望持續,不同企業的利潤走勢或出現分化,市場將更有利於鋰原料保障程度高的企業。
估值優勢使得鋰板塊有望率先反彈。
鋰板塊自2021年9月見頂以來持續調整,Wind鋰礦指數自高點回落達到44%,同時由於鋰價上漲,國內鋰企業盈利大幅增厚,鋰公司估值降至歷史極低水平,鋰行業上市公司2022年PE預測值跌至10.5×(Wind一致預期),這一估值水平在電動車產業鏈各環節以及金屬各板塊中均處於低位。如果市場回暖,鋰板塊突出的低估值優勢有望使其率先反彈。
風險因素:鋰價下跌的風險;鋰精礦價格過快上漲導致國內鋰鹽企業成本快速上升的風險;鋰價過高影響下游需求。
投資策略:澳洲鋰精礦拍賣價格再度大漲表明鋰行業供需緊張的局面尚未緩解,鋰礦價格大漲使得國內鋰鹽企業成本大幅抬升,鋰價後續下跌空間或有限。鋰板塊當前突出的低估值優勢有望使其率先反彈。礦價持續上漲使得原料自給的重要性不斷提升,應優選鋰原料自給率高,後續業績增長持續性強的企業,推薦贛鋒鋰業和鹽湖股份,建議關注永興材料、中礦資源。
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