中信策略:3月用電需求略顯疲態,風電出力恢復正常
本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:李想
各種短期衝擊因素疊加導致3月用電同比增速回落至3.5%,由於4月為傳統需求淡季,疊加工業活動勢頭相對較弱,我們預計4月需求同比增速或在2%附近,下調全年用電需求增速預測至4.9%。從3月數據看,電源結構調整使得風光裝機呈現雙位數增速,水電利用小時回升明顯,同時風電3月出力已經開始恢復正常。推薦三峽能源、龍源電力(A&H)、中國核電、中國廣核(A&H)、華能國際(A&H)、華能水電、川投能源、國投電力、信義能源(H)、中國電力(H)等。
3月用電需求疲弱,單月全社會用電量增速回落至3.5%。
2022年1-3月,全社會用電量20,423億kWh,同比增長5.03%,3月用電需求疲弱使得 1~3月累計增速較1~2月增速小幅放緩0.76個百分點;3月單月用電量6,944億kWh,同比增長3.54%,增速較1~2月用電累計增速5.8%縮小2.3個百分點。3月一產及城鄉居民用電增速明顯回升,對3月國內用電需求增長起到明顯支撐作用。分區域看,用電增速有所分化,其中沿海地區3月單月用電增速僅為1.9%,沿海地區用電需求承壓明顯,後續復甦前景仍需要觀察。
新能源裝機增長明顯,風光裝機呈現雙位數增速。
3月末國內火/水/核/風/太陽能裝機13.0/3.9/0.5/3.4/3.2億千瓦,同比增長3.0%/6.2%/6.6%/17.4%/22.9%,新能源裝機增長明顯。從電源投資細分來看,1-3月火電/核電/光伏投資同比分別增長52.5%/36.4%/180.6%至122/105/188億元,但同期水電/風電同比下滑25.7%/33.5%至182/216億元,水電/火電/核電/風電/光伏投資佔比分別為22.4%/15.0%/12.9%/26.5%/23.1%。1~3月風電投資額下滑主要因風電單位成本下降,導致風電裝機和投資數據趨勢出現背離。
水電利用小時持續改善,風電3月出力開始恢復正常。
1-3月,全國發電設備利用小時899小時,同比下降2.0%;其中水電/核電同比增長6.0%/1.7%至636/1,847小時,火電/風電同比下滑0.1%/10.3%至1,115/555小時,光伏持平為300小時。3月單月,全國發電設備平均利用小時302小時,同比下降3.2%。其中水電228小時,同比上升14.0%;火電356小時,同比下降7.3%;核電652小時,同比下降2.7%;風電232小時,同比上升15.4%;太陽能118小時,同比上升9.3%。
4月淡季用電需求或將承壓,下調全年用電需求預測至4.9%。
4月為國內傳統用電需求淡季,疊加當前整體工業活動勢頭相對疲弱,我們預計今年4月國內用電量同比增速將延續歷史趨勢而出現一定幅度回落,我們預計國內4月用電同比增速或在2%附近,綜合1~3月實際需求以及用電需求前景判斷,我們下調全年用電需求預測至4.9%(原5.9%)。
風險因素:
用電量增速超預期下滑,來水不及預期,煤價大幅上行,上網電價超預期下調,風光造價上行與收益率不及預期。
投資策略。
投資建議遵循三條投資主線:受益電價上漲環境,可擴張ROE及釋放電價業績彈性的核電龍頭;高成長+降本擴張ROE的龍頭新能源運營商,以及正在積極謀求轉型的優質火電轉型標的;受益大水電陸續投產帶動的新一輪成長週期來臨的優質水電龍頭。此外,可短期博弈近期煤價可能有階段性下行機會帶動短期業績彈性有望釋放且估值調整充分的部分火電標的。推薦三峽能源、龍源電力(A&H)、中國核電、中國廣核(A&H)、華能國際(A&H)、華能水電、川投能源、國投電力、信義能源(H)、中國電力(H)等。
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