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暴跌近15%,贛鋒鋰業再也撐不住了?

今天午後的港股市場,科技股加速回調,當中不得不提的是上游鋰材料龍頭贛鋒鋰業。

截止發稿前,贛鋒鋰業跌幅接近15%,從K線圖上看,是一條常常的大陰線,距離3月15號的低點,也就是再跌幾個點的差距。

毫不容易的反彈,不到一個月,又都偃旗息鼓,甚至還有繼續下調的壓力。

不過,拉長時間看,贛鋒的下跌,早在預料之中。

首先,過去兩年,鋰材料週期反轉,加上下游電動車銷售的火爆,漲幅非常高,以碳酸鋰價格為例,兩年的漲幅超過10倍,而贛鋒作為鋰鹽龍頭,股價漲幅更甚,超過20倍。

跌多了漲,漲多了跌,乃是週期股固有的規律。

其次,現在鋰鹽的價格過高,一方面是供需嚴重失衡,另一方面也是市場存在故意囤貨,認為造成供需緊張的問題,這在前短時間舉行的工信部會議中就有詳細提及。

價格就是供需最直接的反映,要價格合理迴歸,最終也是離不開供需再平衡。在過去兩年,鋰鹽價格上漲,也刺激了不少廠家擴產,但是礙於中間需要時間,以及疫情導致的供應鏈中斷問題,遲遲得不到解決,因此才使得價格扭曲越發嚴重。

不過,供應方面的問題正在一步步解決,從最上游的鋰礦開採,到運輸物流,再到產能,都在逐步恢復,新建產能今年也會陸續投產。

雖然現在碳酸鋰的價格仍然超過40萬一噸,但在未來預期上,基本不可能長時間維持,加上現在監管在強勢介入,故意囤貨、人為製造供應緊張的局面也會一步步改善,拉長時間看,鋰鹽價格不僅無法長時間維持,甚至有可能會出現大跌,至於跌幅,兩年前是4萬一噸,現在是40萬,中間的下跌空間,不言而喻了。

贛鋒雖然身處新能源汽車這個賽道,理論上還有很長的增長空間,但別忘了,它始終屬於週期股,有漲就有跌。加上這兩年股價漲幅實在過高,本身就存在較大的回調空間。

迴歸到整個鋰電產業鏈,其實也存在類似的問題。去年,火熱的時候,經常説的一句話:有鋰走遍天下,無鋰寸步難行。放到現在,情況正好調轉過來,有鋰也不一定能抵得住股價回調的壓力。

雖然贛鋒這些年的戰略在於鋰電全產業鏈的發展,除了看家本領--碳酸鋰、氫氧化鋰,它還積極向下遊擴張,研發固態電池、介入鋰電池回收業務,致力於成為從上游礦山、鋰鹽,到中游鋰電池,再到下游的電池回收,但從現在的整體業務和實力看,贛鋒最大的優勢還是在鋰鹽,其他的業務還只是故事,雖然聽起來有吸引力,但能不能做出來,還有很大的未知數。

贛鋒的股價相對去年高峯期,已經腰斬,但要知道,這是在兩年漲了20倍的基礎上,腰斬也不見得就完全釋放了風險,加上現在股價、估值還處在高位,還遠沒有反映鋰價未來的下跌預期。可以預見的是,如果鋰價不斷下滑,那贛鋒的業績同樣面臨很大的壓力,尤其是在去年淨利潤增長超過4倍的基數之上,今年還想有這樣的增長預期,幾無可能。

沒有了高增長的預期,再看看現在的估計,哪怕今天跌這麼慘,也基本可以斷定,贛鋒還沒跌透。

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