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BIPV:蓄勢待發的光伏新形態

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:華鵬偉 林劼

BIPV全生命週期經濟性凸顯,在平價時代成為更具競爭力的光伏建築解決方案。“雙碳”目標驅動之下,建築行業轉型需求迫切,政策支持力度有望提升,“十四五”期間或迎爆發式增長,潛在市場規模可達千億級別。產品與服務端市場仍處萌芽階段,機遇與挑戰並存。光伏與建築龍頭共探發展路徑,跨行業合作趨勢逐漸清晰。

高度一體化,BIPV解鎖光伏建築應用新場景。

光伏建築一體化(Building Integrated Photovoltaic, BIPV)是分佈式光伏發電系統的一種應用形式,實現了光伏發電產品和建築的有機結合,兼具發電功能和建材屬性,針對傳統屋頂加裝的光伏系統存在的一系列問題提供瞭解決方案。從國內市場來看,工業廠房、商業建築、公共建築屋頂和外立牆面可安裝面積大,在晶硅組件成本不斷下降、效率持續提升的情況下,已初具經濟性,成為BIPV最具潛力和可行性的應用場景。

光伏市場化,建築節能化,雙重驅動下BIPV前景可期。

在全球範圍內,BIPV尚處於起步階段,2020年安裝規模約1GW,佔全球新增光伏裝機規模約1%。BIPV的發展前期主要依賴政策支持,而隨着經濟性的不斷提升,對政策的依賴度也在減弱,預計將在光伏平價時代迎來發展契機。作為建築行業實現“雙碳”目標的重要路徑,光伏建築持續獲政策支持,“十四五”期間有望加速鋪開。建築行業減碳壓力倒逼下,BIPV將迎爆發式增長。我們基於建築面積的測算,預計“十四五”末國內BIPV市場規模或可達千億級別,發展前景廣闊。

發展路徑探索期,機遇與挑戰並存。

BIPV產業鏈下游的產品與服務集成環節處於發展初期,格局未定,吸引來自光伏和建築兩個行業的玩家紛紛入局。雖然多方努力下標準體系日臻完善,但推廣落地仍存在諸多難點:1)行業融合難,建築與光伏互相割裂;2)運營期維保缺位,無法滿足維修與升級需求;3)項目全週期涉及多方利益主體,責任與收益劃分不明確,成熟的商業模式有待探索。隨着政策的出台,各方的積極探索,上述問題有望逐步得到解決。我們預計2022年將是BIPV行業政策和項目加快落地的一年,在雙碳“1+N”政策體系中,BIPV是實現建築節能的有效方案之一;在市場發展中,各方主體都在積極推動規模化項目的落地。

多環節共謀發展,龍頭搶佔先發優勢。

從已有項目經驗來看,BIPV各環節玩家均有望開拓市場突破口,其中推進速度較快的是組件企業和建築建材企業。同時,基於BIPV“光伏+建築”的雙重屬性,光伏企業與建築企業聯合發展的模式應運而生,通過強強聯合,先發領跑優勢明顯。BIPV相較於常規光伏系統有更多樣化的組件產品,更好的封裝材料,更薄的玻璃,低壓電流的解決方案等;光伏產品和建築結合的部分需要更堅固的結構件,更好的防水材料等。BIPV行業的發展將給產業鏈帶來明顯的變化。

風險因素:

BIPV市場推廣不及預期;BIPV成本下降不及預期;政策及相關標準落地不及預期。

投資策略:

BIPV具有廣闊的發展前景,行業的發展也將給產業鏈帶來積極的變化。我們建議關注積極合作前瞻佈局的龍頭企業,其中包括組件企業、建築建材企業等,推薦隆基股份、福斯特,建議關注森特股份、東方雨虹、東南網架、亞瑪頓,以及在BIPV有望加速推廣應用的微型逆變器企業禾邁股份、昱能科技等。

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