“泡麪雙雄”大跌,股民又“關燈吃麪”了?
今日康師傅控股(00322)和統一企業中國(00220)早盤均大幅低開,隨後盤中繼續大幅下挫,截至下午收盤,康師傅跌幅為8.43%,統一跌幅為16.13%,同時恆生指數跌1.39%。股民又開啟了“關燈吃麪”的一天?


7日晚間,統一發布業績公吿,2021年實現營業收入252.3億元,同比增長10.8%,歸母淨利潤為15億元,同比下滑7.7%,主要受原材料價格上漲的影響,毛利率下滑2.8%至32.6%。從收入結構來看,統一飲品業務實現147.4億元,食品業務實現95.2億元,其中方面便業務收入為90億元,佔比達94.5%。
此外,5元以上的產品收入佔營收的四成左右,公司在高端產品佈局方面取得較不錯的成績。


面對這份業績公吿,多家機構紛紛調低了統一的目標價,但有不少仍維持“買入評級”,看好公司在高端化方面的發展。招商證券(香港)下調22年/23年的淨利潤預測8.4%/12.4%,但仍維持目標價8.6港元的“買入”評級。此外,中金、花旗、大和等不少機構也繼續看好統一,高盛則維持“中性”評級。
但是,市場並沒有認可這份業績,今日統一跌幅明顯超過同行企業。投資者可能擔心成本的持續上漲會影響公司的正常經營。在方便麪成本結構裏,包材、麪粉、棕櫚油佔了大部分成本,今年以來,在俄烏地緣政治的影響下,棕櫚油價格大幅上行,截至日前,棕櫚油主力合約年內漲幅近40%,小麥主力也是創下歷史新高,當前受外圍環境的影響較大,且公司表示目前暫不考慮通過提價來轉移成本,而是通過減少促銷打折的力度,這或將對今年的業績產生較大的壓力。
當前,中國是世界上最大的方便麪消費國,2020年消費量為463.5億份,佔比達40%,意味着中國人每年要吃33包方便麪。從規模來看,國內方便麪的市場規模是穩步上升的,2017年這一值為447.04億元,到2020年增長到了637.37億元,漲幅達到42.6%。

不過隨着外賣的盛行、出行方式變便捷、替代食品的增多,以及大家對健康意識的提升,過去在宿舍裏、火車上、辦公室裏吃泡麪的盛景可能不會再有。
在泡麪端,康師傅和統一正在往高端化方向發展。最開始,泡麪是為了解決低收入人羣的快捷即食需求,現在大家的生活水平都提高了,不僅關心性價比,還關心更美味更健康更多樣化。高端化,未來或能給公司打開新局面。
提到康師傅和統一,大家印象中更多還是方便麪,因為什麼老壇酸菜、紅燒牛肉都是大家最愛的。
其實,無論是康師傅還是統一,方便麪都不是最大的業務,飲品業務才是最大的。康師傅21年的財報還沒出來,但根據2021中期報吿,公司實現飲品業務收入為363.1億元,佔總收入達56%;統一21年飲品收入為147.4億元,佔總收入為58%。
花無百日紅,企業也無千日火,企業發展不僅會受到自身業務的影響,還會受到大環境的影響。根據尼爾森數據顯示,2021上半年,方便麪行業整體銷量同比衰退7.7%,銷售額同比下降了7.3%。當下疫情反覆,國內消費又比較低迷,對整個消費行業都有一定的影響。

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