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中信證券:電煤價格新機制推出,或穩定長期預期

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:祖國鵬

發改委新的煤價形成機制雖然約束了電煤價格上漲空間,但有助於穩定長期電煤價格預期,有利於體現動力煤龍頭公司長期價值屬性。目前非電煤價格穩中向好、海外能源價格大漲、地產政策放鬆等因素,仍是板塊反彈的催化劑,繼續看好板塊估值修復行情。

新機制明確了新的煤價合理運行區間及一定範圍內的“煤電聯動”機制。

中國煤炭報報道,2月24日,國家發展改革委舉行新聞發佈會,解讀介紹近期印發的《關於進一步完善煤炭市場價格形成機制的通知》。發佈會上指出,新的煤炭市場價格形成機制,是堅持煤炭價格由市場形成的基礎上,引導煤炭價格在合理區間運行,實現有效市場和有為政府的更好結合。其中明確了兩大核心政策要點:

1)明確了煤炭價格合理區間。從目前階段看,秦皇島港下水煤5500大卡中長期交易含税價格在每噸570~770元之間較為合理。考慮中間環節流通費用等因素,明確了山西、陝西、內蒙三個重點產區煤炭出礦環節中長期交易價格合理區間。將綜合採取措施,引導煤炭價格在上述合理區間運行。

2)明確了合理區間內煤、電價格可以有效傳導,燃煤發電企業可在基準價上下浮動不超過20%範圍內及時合理傳導燃料成本變化。

新機制有助於穩定長期電煤價格預期,對年度長協煤、非電煤佔比較大的公司短期影響有限。

我們認為,政策提及的中長期交易的煤炭品種主要指年度長協煤和中長期用量穩定的電煤用户,或對應70~80%的電煤消費量。新的合理價格區間是570~770元/噸,中樞為670元/噸,較之前2022年長協政策徵求意見稿中550~850元區間有所收窄,中樞也下降30元,壓縮了電煤價格上漲的預期,但對中樞價格預期影響有限。2021年港口年度長協/月度長協以及市場煤價分別為645/920/1030元/噸,新政或壓縮月度長協和部分市場電煤的價格預期,但年度長協價格依然有上漲空間,因此新政對年度長協、非電煤佔比較大的公司短期負面影響有限。2016~2020年港口煤炭均價在600元/噸左右浮動,新機制區間的中樞價格在670元,或有效穩定長期電煤中樞上行預期,有助於動力煤龍頭公司價值屬性的體現。

行業基本面:年初以來強於預期,動力煤供需緊平衡,焦煤預期樂觀。

年初以來,雖然電廠庫存在中等水平之上,但港口等中轉地、非電力行業庫存依然處於低位,後續隨着節後復工需求的進一步釋放以及目前俄烏衝突下強勁的海外能源價格預期,動力煤補庫需求依然會釋放,供給仍顯偏緊。冬奧會結束,鋼廠限產預期有所鬆動,預計鋼鐵產量或出現反彈,帶動焦炭、焦煤需求改善,目前產地焦煤價格已出現普漲,加之地產政策放鬆效應中期或傳導至上游資源品的預期,焦煤中期價格預期也較為樂觀,我們預計2022年焦煤均價中樞或上移8~10%。

風險因素:

經濟增速放緩;供給集中釋放壓制煤價等。

投資策略:板塊估值修復或繼續展開。

今年以來煤價表現強於預期,主流煤炭上市公司2022年業績預期對應PE估值在6x左右,估值依然有吸引力。海外能源價格維持高位,穩增長、地產政策放鬆等政策預期,預計都會繼續改善市場情緒,成為強化板塊行情的催化劑。雖然電煤價格上漲受到合理區間的約束,但焦煤、化工用煤等非電用煤的價格預期或不受影響,我們繼續沿三條主線推薦:

1)可關注化工用煤銷量較大的陝西煤業、華陽股份;

2)煤化工板塊業績有彈性的兗礦能源、蘭花科創;

3)冶金煤公司中估值優勢的平煤股份、淮北礦業、潞安環能。

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