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乘聯會:1月狹義乘用車零售預計205萬輛,同比下降6.2%
格隆匯 01-25 17:44

本文來自:乘聯會

2021年市場回顧

2021年上半年經濟恢復超過預期,下半年受到疫情反覆、極端天氣以及能耗雙控等因素的影響,經濟增速放緩,汽車市場也在芯片供應短缺的制約下,同比增速呈現前高後低走勢。12月乘聯會狹義乘用車零售完成210.5萬輛,同比下降7.9%,全年零售達到2014.6萬輛,同比增長4.4%。在新能源補貼退坡的刺激下,廠商促進年底前下訂和交車,推動新能源市場銷量達到年內新高,12月零售完成47.5萬輛,同比大幅增長128.9%,市場滲透率達到22.6%。2021年新能源市場接受度穩步提升,全年零售達到298.9萬輛,同比增長169.1%,滲透率14.8%。

1月市場韌性猶存

隨着前幾個月以來生產、批售的逐步走強,整體市場供應呈現回暖態勢,各廠商積極迎接新年“開門紅”。新冠疫情出現反覆,多地提倡就地過年,但聲量普遍低於去年,節前的促銷力度加大也助推返鄉購車潮。新能源市場方面,受到去年年底集中交車的影響,1月上旬銷量表現疲軟,但第二、三週有明顯回暖,預計到月底仍將保持三位數的同比增長。在多重因素交織下,1月市場預計穩步回升,同比負增長幅度較上月縮小。

1.廠商銷售動向

終端價格監測結果顯示,1月中旬乘用車總體市場折扣率約為11.4%,相較於上月末保持穩定,價格仍維持在較高水平,其中豪華品牌因為供給問題得到緩解,市場價格進一步回落。據11月零售目標調研顯示,總體市場有八成以上的廠商有7%左右的同比負增長,初步推算本月狹義乘用車零售市場在205.0萬輛左右,同比下降約6.2%。 

2.周度走勢推算

主要廠商零售第一、二週的日均同比分別為6%、-2%,累計同比增長2%,主要受到各地疫情的衝擊,供應端的改善也相對有限。第三週市場延續平穩趨勢,預計同比也在-3%左右。第四周月底衝量的力度受供應制約將小於往年,且比去年少一個工作日,日均銷量同比預計為-15%。綜合估算1月零售將達到205.0萬輛。

3.1月車市平穩過渡

2021年社會消費品零售總額同比增長12.5%,汽車類消費品因受到較為嚴重的供給端制約,全年同比增長7.6%。在病毒變異帶來的內外防控壓力下,服務業彰顯韌性,2021年全年全國服務業生產指數同比增長13.1%,兩年平均增長6.0%,國內整體經濟保持穩健。汽車產業政策方向與方式均延續不變,力度與範圍也仍與此前相當。2022年春節較往年偏早,隨着局部疫情散點頻發,各地仍提倡就地過年,但聲量低於去年,利好返鄉購車潮。中國汽車流通協會最新調查結果顯示,12月份汽車經銷商綜合庫存係數1.43,環比上升5.9%,庫存水平進一步回升,我們預計下半年芯片供給將恢復到正常水平。受到去年底集中交車的影響,1月新能源市場環比下降,但在以“碳達峯、碳中和”為目標的汽車行業轉型大背景下,預計今年新能源市場將持續增長,消費者接受度進一步提升。近期,特斯拉、蔚來、小鵬、比亞迪等新能源頭部廠商以補貼調整為由提高終端成交價,對新能源銷量帶來的影響仍待進一步觀察。

綜上,1月狹義乘用車零售銷量預計205.0萬輛,同比下降6.2%,同比負增長幅度較上月縮小,汽車市場穩步回升。

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