國泰君安:國際煤市風雲再起,持續看好春季行情
本文來自格隆匯專欄:國泰君安證券研究,作者:翟堃
印尼禁止煤炭出口,國內煤炭市場或將緊張,國內煤價將提前止跌企穩。
1)事件:根據12月31日印尼政府新規,2022年1月禁止煤炭出口。
2)本次印尼限制煤炭出口,我們認為核心原因在於印尼煤炭產量不及預期,且國內消費量增加,導致煤炭供不應求。印尼礦產能源部公佈最新統計數據顯示,截至12月17日印尼煤炭開採量達5.81億噸,完成年度產量目標的93%,全年產量預計略低於6.25億噸目標, 2022 年煤炭產量目標提高到 6.37 ~6.64 億噸,但由於國內需求提升,出口潛力將有下降。
3)中國2020年/2021年1-11月進口煤及褐煤30399/29232萬噸,其中來自印尼13783/17822萬噸,佔進口45%/61%、佔國內產量3.6%/4.9%,印尼煤供應對國內影響巨大,且考慮到印尼煤炭均為動力煤且消費對象為東南沿海電廠,實際對沿海動力煤的供給影響在20%左右。考慮到國內煤炭供給強度已經處於絕對高位,預計進口的限制將使得一月煤炭市場相對緊張。
4)市場擔憂春節後價格出現大幅下跌,但當前市場煤價已經開始下調,核心在於電廠已經開始提前去庫。我們認為3.7億噸/月的高強度保供產量難以持續,且旺季過後違規超產將再度進行嚴查,產量強度在春節後將得到確定下降,結合進口受限,煤價將提前止跌企穩。
預計煤企年報將陸續公佈優質分紅方案。煤企將於2022年3月份後陸續披露年報,部分企業此前的股東回報方案已經到期(如行業龍頭中國神華上個股東回報方案為2019~2021年),新的分紅方案值得期待。行業資本支出頂部已現,市場格局持續向好,“碳中和”大趨勢下行業資本開支將持續下降,“資本支出-現金流-財務-利潤-分紅”將出現可持續優化。
我們認為煤炭板塊處在價值區間,轉型預期強,估值提升開啟。1)行業步入高盈利中樞時代,煤企將圍繞新能源運營商、新材料、氫能等領域進行轉型,多元化發展下行業估值有望提升;2)價格回落後企穩,政策打壓邊際放緩,且盈利將長期穩定,龍頭高分紅;3)“煤荒”過後,市場普遍認識到了煤炭在能源結構轉換完成前依然具備稀缺屬性。
投資建議。當前煤炭價格已經處於預期底部,估值明顯偏低,伴隨動力煤長協基準提升、焦煤長協價預計維持高位,資源優質企業具備長期價值,轉型企業具備成長空間,板塊估值提升開啟,1)當前首推:中國神華、靖遠煤電、電投能源、兗礦能源、中國旭陽集團;2)推薦:陝西煤業、淮北礦業、中煤能源、山西焦煤、潞安環能、蘭花科創、盤江股份、平煤股份。
行業回顧。截至2021年12月31日,秦皇島Q5500市場價800元/噸(-14.9%),秦皇島港庫存為474.0萬噸(-6.9%)。雙焦方面:京唐港主焦煤庫提價2450元/噸(0.0%),港口一級焦2733元/噸(0.0%),煉焦煤庫存三港合計326.0萬噸(-11.4%),200萬噸以上的焦企開工率為66.99%(0.44PCT)。
風險提示。宏觀經濟不及預期;煤炭供給維持高位
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