官媒:奶業高端化不利提高對國產乳製品信心
官媒《經濟日報》發文表示,國內奶業發展存在人均乳製品消費水平低、城鄉之間及城鄉內部不同人群消費水平差距大的問題,乳製品價格偏高在一定程度上抑制了乳製品消費需求增長,因此國內奶業發展的一個重要任務,仍是面向廣大消費者提供價格親民、營養又安全的優質乳製品,而優質並不意味高價格與高端化。
文章指,過度追求高端化不利實現國內奶業自給率目標,對奶業競爭力也有不利影響,自2008年以來,國內奶業自給率持續下降,低於國家原定的去年奶源自給率保持在70%以上的目標,背後原因既有原料奶生產成本偏高的競爭因素,也受到奶業市場高端化的影響,指奶業市場高端化導致乳製品平均價格偏高,為國外乳製品不受運輸成本阻擋進入國內市場提供了空間,部分企業為推動產品的高端化,有意向消費者強調存在所謂的「低端產品、低端市場」,這不利提高消費者對國產乳製品的信心。
文章認為,如果沒有健全的利益聯結機制,奶業高端化發展的高額收益並不必然惠及奶農和奶牛養殖業,目前奶業產業鏈仍面臨嚴重的收益分配不均衡問題,一方面是養殖戶「倒奶殺牛」,另一方面乳品企業的收益屢創新高。
評論認為,近年國內奶源大規模建設伴隨著加工企業向養殖端佈局,這種自上而下的縱向一體化,雖然在總體上有可能提高養殖端獲得的產業增值收益,但並不意味著奶業產業鏈利益聯結機制的建立和完善,相反若原料奶市場出現明顯波動或下行趨勢,中小規模養殖場可能面臨更大風險,因此必須加快建設支持中小規模養殖場,應對市場波動的體制機制,助力奶牛養殖業平穩度過潛在風險。
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