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特斯拉向寧德時代預訂45GWh電池,明年銷量有望增一倍
格隆匯 10-29 14:10

本文來自格隆匯專欄:36氪,作者:李勤

邁過萬億美元市值大關的特斯拉,還在加速奔跑。

記者從多位知情人士處獲悉,特斯拉已經向中國動力電池龍頭企業寧德時代,為明年的銷量計劃預訂45GWh磷酸鐵鋰電池,主要用於Model 3和Model Y車型。

根據特斯拉官方信息,搭載磷酸鐵鋰電池的Model 3和Model Y均為標準續航版本,前者電池容量為55度(kWh),後者為60度。以此初步計算,45GWh的電池訂單,將對應近80萬輛汽車。這已經超越特斯拉今年前三季度全球總銷量,截至今年三季度,特斯拉全球銷售62.735萬輛汽車。

另有行業人士吿訴記者,2022年,特斯拉內華達電池工廠也將擴產,超過40GWh。再加上松下和LG化學的供應,特斯拉2022年的銷量起碼在150萬輛汽車。

本週二,特斯拉市值突破1萬億美元,過去一年,在汽車銷量和利潤快速拉昇等刺激下,該公司市值上漲接近一倍。日前,租車公司Hertz向特斯拉下單訂購10萬輛汽車,推動後者進入萬億美元俱樂部。

當然,馬斯克治下的特斯拉,從來不滿足於既定目標。消息人士向記者透露,除了向寧德時代預訂45GWh電池,特斯拉還計劃追加訂單,“雙方已經在洽談中”。

針對上述信息,寧德時代向記者表示:不予置評。

特斯拉最早的磷酸鐵鋰車型是中國上海工廠生產的Model 3標準續航版,今年初開始,上海工廠生產的Model Y標準續航版本也開始採用磷酸鐵鋰電池。

此後,今年8月底,磷酸鐵鋰車型開始在美國出售,特斯拉宣佈,美國用户在購買標準續航版Model 3時,也可以選擇磷酸鐵鋰電池車型。據悉,採用磷酸鐵鋰電池的美國標準續航版Model 3,續航能力從263英里下降為253英里,而價格保持3.999萬美元不變。

10月份的三季度財報電話會上,特斯拉正式宣佈,全球範圍內的標準續航版Model 3和Moderl Y車型,都改用磷酸鐵鋰電池。

三元鋰電池和磷酸鐵鋰電池是動力電池行業的兩條核心技術路線。相比於三元鋰電池,磷酸鐵鋰電池能量密度和充放電性能稍遜一籌,但具有更好的安全性和穩定性,且成本較低,也因此受到入門級車輛青睞。

尤其是近兩年,寧德時代、比亞迪以及蔚來等公司,通過結構改良和混裝方案,在逐漸提升磷酸鐵鋰電池的系統能量密度和冬季低温性能。這也讓磷酸鐵鋰電池需求井噴 。

據9月國內動力電池裝機數據,三元鋰電池裝車6.14GWh,磷酸鐵鋰電池共計裝車9.54Wh,磷酸鐵鋰電池連續3個月在裝車量方面領先於三元電池。

電池的成本和應用技術趨於成熟,也在推動電動汽車快速增長。特斯拉百萬級的銷量預期就是一大例證,此外,據記者瞭解,國內車企包括蔚來、長城等車企,也都在計劃追加電池訂單。

今年的乘聯會數據顯示,1-9月新能源車零售181.8萬輛,同比增長高達203.1%。這一趨勢也引發行業樂觀預期,小鵬汽車CEO何小鵬就在不久前表示,原來以為2025年新能車滲透率在30%或40%,現在的預期是50%都有可能,即全年新能源車銷量將有望超過千萬輛。

不過,值得行業玩家們注意的是,新能源車作為一項新興產業,依然面臨着補能效率低下和安全等問題,解決好這些掣肘因素,行業才能進入良性快車道。

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